Biofortification aims to increase the levels of essential nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, and amino acids, in staple food crops.

Golden rice is a biofortified crop that has been genetically modified to produce beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A.

Biofortification can help to address micronutrient deficiencies, which are a major public health problem in many parts of the world.

Iron, zinc, and vitamin A are three of the most common micronutrients that are targeted for biofortification.

Technical limitations, such as the difficulty of introducing new genes into crops and the potential for unintended consequences, are among the primary challenges associated with biofortification.

Genetic engineering is a common method used for biofortification, as it allows for the precise modification of genes to increase the levels of specific nutrients in crops.

Selective breeding is the process of breeding plants with desirable traits, such as high nutrient content, over many generations.

High-iron beans are an example of a biofortified crop that has been developed through conventional breeding.

Biofortification offers several advantages over traditional supplementation programs, including lower cost, greater sustainability, and improved compliance.

Potential concerns associated with biofortification include allergenicity, toxicity, and environmental impact.

Regulatory agencies play a critical role in ensuring the safety of biofortified crops before they are released for commercial cultivation.

Regulatory agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the World Health Organization (WHO) all play a role in overseeing biofortification.

Consumer acceptance is a primary challenge associated with the adoption of biofortified crops, as some consumers may be hesitant to consume genetically modified foods.

Potential strategies for increasing the adoption of biofortified crops include consumer education, government subsidies, and public-private partnerships.

The future outlook for biofortification is promising, as there is growing recognition of the potential of biofortified crops to address micronutrient deficiencies and improve public health.