Observation involves directly observing and recording a student's behavior in a natural setting, such as a classroom or a laboratory.

Formative assessment is primarily used to provide feedback to students during the learning process to help them identify areas where they need improvement and make adjustments to their learning strategies.

Self-assessment involves students reflecting on their own learning, identifying areas where they need improvement, and setting goals for future learning.

Summative assessment is primarily used to measure student achievement at the end of a unit, course, or program to determine a grade or make decisions about student placement or advancement.

Portfolio assessment involves students creating a collection of their work, such as writing samples, projects, and presentations, to demonstrate their learning over time.

Diagnostic assessment is primarily used to identify students' strengths, weaknesses, and learning needs at the beginning of a unit or course to inform instruction and provide targeted support.

Peer assessment involves students evaluating the work of their peers, providing feedback, and discussing their learning.

Performance assessment is primarily used to assess students' ability to apply their knowledge and skills to real-world situations, often through hands-on activities, projects, or presentations.

Performance assessment involves students demonstrating their understanding of a concept or skill through a hands-on activity or project, such as building a model, conducting an experiment, or creating a presentation.

Criterion-referenced assessment is primarily used to compare students' performance to a predetermined standard or benchmark to determine whether they have mastered a specific set of skills or knowledge.

Written assessment involves students creating a written or oral response to a prompt or question to demonstrate their understanding of a concept or skill.

Norm-referenced assessment is primarily used to compare students' performance to the performance of other students in a group, often using a standardized test, to determine their relative standing.

Graphic organizers are visual representations of students' understanding of a concept or skill, such as mind maps, concept maps, or flowcharts.

Authentic assessment is primarily used to assess students' ability to apply their knowledge and skills to real-world situations, often through hands-on activities, projects, or simulations.

Multimedia presentations involve students creating a presentation using various media, such as images, videos, audio, and text, to demonstrate their learning.