In a modern republic, the head of state is usually a president who is elected by the people.

Divine right to rule is not a characteristic of a modern republic, as it implies that the ruler's authority comes from God rather than the consent of the governed.

In a modern republic, citizens are expected to pay taxes, obey the laws, and participate in government through voting and other forms of civic engagement.

The United States of America is an example of a modern republic, as it has a representative democracy, separation of powers, and limited government.

Modern republics face a number of challenges, including maintaining public trust in government, preventing corruption, and balancing individual rights and collective interests.

An electoral system is a key element of representative democracy in a modern republic, as it allows citizens to choose their representatives through elections.

In a modern republic, the separation of powers is typically divided among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government.

A constitution is a common feature of modern republics, as it outlines the structure and powers of the government and protects the rights of citizens.

The concept of limited government in a modern republic means that the government's power is restricted by law and subject to checks and balances.

A potential benefit of a modern republic is enhanced transparency and accountability, as the government is subject to public scrutiny and oversight.

In a modern republic, political parties primarily serve to represent the interests of citizens and compete for political power through elections.

Modern republics often face a number of challenges, including maintaining economic stability, preventing environmental degradation, and addressing social inequality.

The concept of checks and balances in a modern republic refers to a system of mutual cooperation between different branches of government, where each branch has the ability to limit the power of the others.

A key principle of modern republics is limited government with separation of powers, which aims to prevent the concentration of power in any single branch of government.

In a modern republic, elections serve the purpose of selecting the head of state, choosing representatives for the legislative branch, and appointing judges to the judicial branch.