The Sun's energy is generated through nuclear fusion reactions in its core, where hydrogen atoms are combined to form helium atoms, releasing vast amounts of energy.

The Sun's surface temperature is approximately 5,778 Kelvin (5,505 °C or 9,941 °F), which is classified as a yellow dwarf star.

The Sun's core temperature is estimated to be around 15,000,000 Kelvin (14,999,727 °C or 27,000,000 °F), where nuclear fusion reactions take place.

The Sun's diameter is approximately 1,392,000 kilometers (864,000 miles), which is about 109 times larger than the diameter of Earth.

The Sun's mass is approximately 1.989 × 10^30 kilograms (4.38 × 10^26 pounds), which is about 330,000 times the mass of Earth.

The Sun's luminosity is approximately 3.846 × 10^26 watts, which is the total amount of energy emitted by the Sun per second.

The Sun is estimated to be approximately 4.6 billion years old, based on various lines of evidence, including stellar evolution models and radioactive dating of meteorites.

The Sun is classified as a G2V star, where 'G2' indicates its surface temperature and 'V' denotes its main sequence status.

The Sun's rotation period at its equator is approximately 25 days, while it takes longer for higher latitudes to complete a full rotation.

The Sun's magnetic field is primarily dipolar, with a north and south magnetic pole, similar to Earth's magnetic field.

The corona is the outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere, extending millions of kilometers into space and visible during solar eclipses.

The chromosphere is the layer of the Sun's atmosphere just below the corona, known for its reddish color during solar eclipses.

The photosphere is the visible surface of the Sun, where sunlight originates and sunspots can be observed.

Sunspots are dark areas on the Sun's surface caused by intense magnetic activity, resulting in lower temperatures and reduced brightness.

Solar flares are sudden bursts of energy from the Sun's corona, often associated with sunspots and releasing intense radiation and particles.