The problem of religious theodicy is the problem of how to reconcile the existence of an all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-loving God with the existence of evil and suffering in the world.

The three main types of theodicy are logical, evidential, and metaphysical. Logical theodicies argue that the existence of evil and suffering is logically compatible with the existence of God. Evidential theodicies argue that the evidence of evil and suffering does not outweigh the evidence for the existence of God. Metaphysical theodicies argue that the existence of evil and suffering is necessary for some greater good.

The logical problem of evil is the problem that the existence of an all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-loving God is logically incompatible with the existence of evil and suffering in the world.

The evidential problem of evil is the problem that the evidence of evil and suffering in the world outweighs the evidence for the existence of an all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-loving God.

The metaphysical problem of evil is the problem of explaining why evil and suffering exist in a world created by an all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-loving God. One possible explanation is that evil and suffering are necessary for some greater good, such as the development of human character or the freedom of the will.

The Augustinian theodicy is the theodicy that evil and suffering are the result of the fall of man. According to this theodicy, when Adam and Eve disobeyed God in the Garden of Eden, they brought sin and suffering into the world. This theodicy is named after the Christian theologian Augustine of Hippo.

The Molinist theodicy is the theodicy that evil and suffering are necessary for the development of human character. According to this theodicy, God created evil and suffering in order to allow humans to develop the virtues of patience, courage, and perseverance. This theodicy is named after the Christian theologian Luis de Molina.

The Thomist theodicy is the theodicy that evil and suffering are necessary for the existence of good. According to this theodicy, God created evil and suffering in order to allow for the existence of free will and moral goodness. This theodicy is named after the Christian theologian Thomas Aquinas.

The atheistic response to the problem of evil is that the existence of evil and suffering disproves the existence of God. Atheists argue that an all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-loving God would not allow evil and suffering to exist. Therefore, the existence of evil and suffering is evidence against the existence of God.

The agnostic response to the problem of evil is that the existence of evil and suffering makes it impossible to know whether or not God exists. Agnostics argue that we do not have enough information to say for sure whether or not God exists. Therefore, the existence of evil and suffering does not necessarily disprove the existence of God.

The deistic response to the problem of evil is that God created the world but does not intervene in it. Deists argue that God created the world and then left it to run on its own. Therefore, God is not responsible for the evil and suffering that exists in the world.

The free will defense to the problem of evil is the defense that God created humans with free will and that evil and suffering are the result of human choices. According to this defense, God is not responsible for the evil and suffering that exists in the world because it is the result of human choices. This defense is often associated with the Christian theologian Alvin Plantinga.

The soul-making defense to the problem of evil is the defense that evil and suffering are necessary for the development of human souls. According to this defense, God created evil and suffering in order to allow humans to develop the virtues of patience, courage, and perseverance. This defense is often associated with the Christian theologian John Hick.

The greater good defense to the problem of evil is the defense that evil and suffering are necessary for some greater good. According to this defense, God created evil and suffering in order to achieve some greater good, such as the salvation of souls or the freedom of the will. This defense is often associated with the Christian theologian William Rowe.

The mystery of evil is the idea that evil and suffering are ultimately beyond human comprehension. According to this view, we cannot fully understand why evil and suffering exist. This view is often associated with the Christian theologian Karl Barth.