LoRaWAN is a LPWAN technology that uses unlicensed spectrum in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) bands. It is designed for long-range, low-power applications, such as smart metering, asset tracking, and environmental monitoring.

4G LTE (Long-Term Evolution) is a cellular network technology that provides high bandwidth and low latency. It is commonly used for IoT devices that require fast data transmission, such as video streaming, remote control, and real-time monitoring.

MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is a lightweight publish-subscribe protocol designed for IoT applications. It allows IoT devices to send and receive messages to and from the cloud efficiently and reliably.

Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology that allows devices to communicate with each other over short distances. It is commonly used for IoT devices such as wearables, sensors, and home automation devices.

Ethernet is a wired LAN technology that allows devices to communicate with each other over a physical cable. It is commonly used for IoT devices that require high bandwidth and low latency, such as industrial automation and building management systems.

A mesh network is a type of IoT network architecture where devices communicate with each other directly, forming a self-healing and self-organizing network. This architecture is often used in applications where devices are spread over a wide area and there is no central point of control.

Zigbee is a wireless mesh networking protocol designed for low-power IoT devices. It allows devices to communicate with each other and with a central gateway, enabling data collection and control.

A star network is a type of IoT network architecture where devices are connected to a central gateway, which then connects to the internet. This architecture is commonly used in applications where devices are located in a centralized area and there is a need for a single point of control.

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) is a cellular network technology that allows IoT devices to connect to the internet. It is commonly used in applications where devices need to transmit data over long distances and there is no Wi-Fi or Ethernet connection available.

A bus network is a type of IoT network architecture where devices are connected to each other in a linear fashion. This architecture is commonly used in applications where devices are located along a single path and there is a need for simple and reliable communication.

Iridium is a satellite network that provides global coverage for IoT devices. It is commonly used in applications where devices need to transmit data from remote locations where there is no cellular or Wi-Fi connection available.

A ring network is a type of IoT network architecture where devices are connected to each other in a circular fashion. This architecture is commonly used in applications where devices are located in a closed loop and there is a need for continuous communication.

LoRaWAN is a LPWAN protocol that allows IoT devices to communicate with each other and with a central gateway over long distances. It is commonly used in applications where devices need to transmit small amounts of data over long distances and there is a need for low power consumption.

A tree network is a type of IoT network architecture where devices are connected to each other in a hierarchical fashion. This architecture is commonly used in applications where devices are located at different levels and there is a need for efficient routing of data.

NB-IoT is a narrowband IoT protocol that allows IoT devices to communicate with each other and with a central gateway over long distances. It is commonly used in applications where devices need to transmit small amounts of data over long distances and there is a need for low power consumption.