Gravitational interactions between exoplanets and their host stars, as well as other planets in the system, play a crucial role in driving their migration.

Exoplanets can migrate both inward and outward, depending on the specific conditions and interactions within their planetary system.

Inward migration refers to the process by which exoplanets move closer to their host stars over time.

Outward migration refers to the process by which exoplanets move farther away from their host stars over time.

The eccentricity of an exoplanet's orbit, which measures how elliptical the orbit is, plays a significant role in determining the direction of its migration.

Retrograde migration refers to the process by which exoplanets move in an orbit that is opposite to the direction of rotation of their host star.

Eccentric migration refers to the process by which exoplanets move in an orbit that is not circular, but rather elliptical.

Gravitational interactions between exoplanets and the gas and dust disk surrounding the host star play a dominant role in driving their migration during the early stages of formation.

Magnetic fields can interact with the exoplanet's atmosphere, leading to a transfer of angular momentum and causing the exoplanet to migrate.

Radiation pressure from the host star can exert a force on the exoplanet, causing it to migrate.

Gravitational interactions between exoplanets and other planets in the system, as well as the host star, play a significant role in driving their migration during the later stages of evolution.

While dark matter's existence is theorized, its role in exoplanet migration is still speculative and not fully understood.

The radial velocity method, which measures the Doppler shift in the host star's light caused by the gravitational pull of the exoplanet, is commonly used to detect exoplanet migration.

Studying exoplanet migration poses challenges due to the lack of observational data, the complexity of interactions within planetary systems, and the limited understanding of exoplanet formation and evolution.

Exoplanet migration can have a significant impact on the habitability of exoplanets by bringing them into or taking them out of the habitable zone, as well as affecting their climate and surface conditions.