Solar PV is projected to have the highest growth rate among renewable energy technologies due to its declining costs, increasing efficiency, and growing demand for clean energy.

Floating solar farms utilize water bodies, such as lakes or reservoirs, to install solar panels, maximizing land use efficiency and minimizing the impact on terrestrial ecosystems.

Hybrid solar-wind systems integrate solar panels and wind turbines to harness both solar and wind energy, providing a reliable and continuous power supply.

AI algorithms can analyze historical data, weather patterns, and real-time conditions to generate more accurate forecasts of renewable energy generation, enabling better planning and integration into the grid.

Hydrogen fuel cells store energy by converting excess renewable electricity into hydrogen gas through electrolysis. This hydrogen can then be used to generate electricity when needed.

BECCS involves capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from bioenergy production, effectively reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change.

Tidal turbines harness the kinetic energy of ocean currents to generate electricity, providing a reliable and renewable source of energy.

Smart grids utilize advanced technologies to monitor, control, and optimize the flow of electricity, enhancing the grid's ability to accommodate intermittent renewable energy sources and improve overall system resilience.

CSP plants use mirrors or lenses to focus sunlight onto a central receiver, generating high temperatures to produce steam and drive turbines for electricity generation.

Floating wind turbines can be installed in deeper waters, where wind speeds are typically stronger and more consistent, leading to increased energy production.

OTEC plants use the temperature difference between warm surface waters and cold deep waters to drive a heat engine and generate electricity.

Microgrids are self-contained electrical systems that can operate independently from the main grid, providing increased resilience and reliability, especially in areas with intermittent renewable energy sources.

Microbial fuel cells utilize bacteria to break down organic matter and generate electricity as a byproduct.

PHS systems store energy by pumping water uphill during periods of excess renewable energy generation and releasing it downhill through turbines to generate electricity when needed, providing grid stability and flexibility.