Hand axes, characterized by their almond-shaped form and bifacial flaking, are considered the earliest known human-made tools, dating back to the Lower Paleolithic Era.

Chauvet Cave in France contains some of the oldest known cave paintings, dating back to approximately 30,000 years ago.

Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania is renowned for its rich fossil record and evidence of early human occupation, including the discovery of hominin fossils and stone tools.

The Denisova Cave in Siberia yielded evidence of a previously unknown hominin species, Homo denisova, through the analysis of DNA extracted from a finger bone.

Qafzeh Cave in Israel contains the remains of early modern humans (Homo sapiens) and their associated tools, providing insights into the behavior and lifestyle of our ancestors.

La Madeleine in France is known for its carved limestone blocks, known as the Magdalenian Plaquettes, which depict various animals and human figures.

Geißenklösterle Cave in Germany contains evidence of early musical instruments, including flutes made from bird bones and mammoth ivory.

Cueva de las Manos in Argentina is renowned for its numerous hand stencils, providing insights into the symbolic behavior of early humans.

Rouffignac Cave in France contains well-preserved remains of woolly mammoths, including engravings and paintings depicting these prehistoric creatures.

Grotta di Venere in Italy yielded a series of Venus figurines, small sculptures depicting female figures, which provide insights into the symbolic and artistic expressions of early humans.

Grotte du Lazaret in France is renowned for its exceptional preservation of organic remains, including textiles, plant materials, and even human remains, providing valuable insights into the daily life and environment of early humans.

Mamontovaya Kurya in Russia is known for its well-preserved mammoth bone dwellings, providing evidence of sophisticated construction techniques and the use of mammoth bones as building materials.

Maidanetske in Ukraine is renowned for its evidence of early metallurgy, including the production of copper and gold artifacts, providing insights into the technological advancements of early human societies.

Spiennes in Belgium contains a series of flint mines, providing evidence of early human quarrying and mining activities, as well as the production of flint tools and weapons.

Star Carr in the United Kingdom is known for its evidence of early seafaring, including the discovery of wooden paddles and dugout canoes, indicating the use of boats for transportation and fishing.