The principle of autonomy emphasizes the right of individuals to make informed decisions about their participation in research and to have their autonomy respected.

Informed consent involves providing potential research participants with comprehensive information about the study, its risks and benefits, and their rights, to enable them to make an informed decision about their participation.

Non-maleficence is the ethical principle that emphasizes the researcher's responsibility to avoid causing harm to research participants and to take steps to minimize potential risks.

Institutional review boards (IRBs) are responsible for reviewing and approving research proposals to ensure that they adhere to ethical standards and protect the rights and welfare of research participants.

The principle of justice emphasizes the need for fair and equitable treatment of research participants, ensuring that the benefits and burdens of research are distributed justly.

Data confidentiality refers to the ethical obligation to protect the privacy of research participants by ensuring that their personal information and data are kept confidential and not disclosed without their consent.

The principle of integrity emphasizes the importance of honesty, transparency, and accountability in research, requiring researchers to accurately report their findings and avoid misrepresentation or fabrication of data.

Environmental impact assessment involves evaluating the potential environmental impacts of a research project and taking steps to minimize or mitigate those impacts.

Social responsibility emphasizes the researcher's obligation to consider the potential societal impacts of their research and to use their findings responsibly, taking into account the broader implications for society.

Participatory research involves actively engaging research participants in the research process, empowering them to contribute to the design, conduct, and dissemination of research.

Cultural humility emphasizes the researcher's ongoing commitment to understanding and respecting the cultural values, beliefs, and practices of research participants, acknowledging their own cultural biases and limitations.

Knowledge translation involves translating research findings into accessible and usable formats to facilitate their uptake and application by stakeholders, including research participants, policymakers, and the general public.

Accountability emphasizes the researcher's responsibility to be answerable for the ethical conduct of their research, to address any ethical concerns or misconduct that may arise, and to take appropriate corrective actions.

Ethical oversight involves the establishment of mechanisms and processes to ensure that research is conducted in accordance with ethical principles and guidelines, including the review and approval of research proposals, monitoring of ongoing research, and investigation of ethical concerns or misconduct.

Intergenerational equity emphasizes the researcher's responsibility to consider the potential impact of their research on future generations and to take steps to minimize any negative consequences, ensuring that the benefits of research are shared equitably across generations.