Claudio Monteverdi, with his groundbreaking operas and madrigals, is often credited as a key figure in the transition from the Renaissance to the Baroque era.

Adagio-Allegro refers to the contrasting sections in Baroque music, where a slow and expressive section (Adagio) is followed by a fast and lively section (Allegro).

The harpsichord, with its ability to provide a steady harmonic foundation, was a common continuo instrument in Baroque music, accompanying soloists or ensembles.

Opera Seria, also known as serious opera, was a popular form of opera in Italy during the Baroque period, characterized by its dramatic plots, elaborate sets, and complex vocal lines.

Antonio Vivaldi, with his numerous concertos for various instruments, is considered one of the most influential figures in the development of the concerto genre during the Baroque period.

Ritornello refers to a short instrumental piece that is repeated throughout a composition or movement in Baroque music, often serving as a unifying element.

Claudio Monteverdi, with his innovative operas, is considered one of the most important composers of the early Baroque period.

Aria, meaning 'air' in Italian, is a vocal solo piece with instrumental accompaniment, often featuring elaborate melodies and ornamentation, and is a prominent feature in Baroque operas and cantatas.

Alessandro Scarlatti, with his numerous oratorios, is considered one of the leading composers of the oratorio genre during the Baroque period.

Tutti, meaning 'all' in Italian, refers to the section in a Baroque composition where the entire ensemble plays together, creating a powerful and unified sound.

Arcangelo Corelli, with his numerous sonatas for violin and continuo, is considered one of the pioneers in the development of the sonata form during the Baroque period.

Cadenza, meaning 'fall' or 'close' in Italian, refers to a section in a Baroque composition where a soloist performs an improvised or virtuosic passage, often at the end of a movement.

Antonio Vivaldi, with his prolific output of concertos, is considered one of the most important composers of the Baroque period.

Cantata, meaning 'sung' in Italian, refers to a vocal composition for a solo voice with instrumental accompaniment, often based on a religious text, and is a common form in Baroque music.

Domenico Scarlatti, with his numerous opera buffas, is considered one of the leading composers of the opera buffa genre during the Baroque period.