Proportional representation electoral systems aim to allocate legislative seats to political parties based on their share of votes, ensuring a fairer representation of different political views.

Ranked choice voting allows voters to rank candidates in order of preference. If no candidate receives a majority of first-choice votes, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated, and their votes are redistributed to the remaining candidates based on voters' second choices. This process continues until a candidate receives a majority of votes.

Gerrymandering involves redrawing electoral district boundaries to give one political party an unfair advantage over others. This can be done by packing voters of one party into a few districts or by cracking their votes across multiple districts.

Campaign finance reform aims to reduce the influence of special interest groups and wealthy donors on political campaigns. This can be achieved through measures such as limiting campaign contributions, increasing transparency in political spending, and promoting public financing of elections.

The single transferable vote system allows voters to rank candidates in order of preference. Voters' ballots are then transferred from their first-choice candidate to their second-choice candidate, and so on, until all seats are filled.

Compulsory voting is a system in which all eligible voters are required by law to participate in elections. The primary goal of compulsory voting is to increase voter turnout and ensure that the elected representatives truly reflect the will of the majority.

Electronic voting machines are designed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of vote counting. They can also help reduce the cost of elections by eliminating the need for paper ballots and manual counting.

The two-round system involves two rounds of voting. In the first round, voters cast their ballots for their preferred candidate. If no candidate receives a majority of votes, a second round is held between the top two candidates.

Open primaries allow voters to vote for candidates from any party in the primary election, regardless of their own party affiliation. This can increase voter turnout and give voters more choice in the selection of candidates.

Early voting allows voters to cast their ballots in person or by mail before Election Day. This can increase voter turnout and make it more convenient for people to vote.

Sortition is an electoral system in which representatives are selected from a pool of candidates by random lottery. This system aims to ensure that representatives are truly representative of the population and not influenced by special interests or political parties.

Redistricting involves redrawing electoral district boundaries to ensure that minority groups have fair representation in legislative bodies. This can be achieved by creating districts that are majority-minority or by ensuring that minority voters are not concentrated in a small number of districts.

At-large voting is an electoral system in which all representatives are elected from a single, nationwide district. This system is often used in small countries or for elections to international bodies.

Campaign finance disclosure laws require candidates and political parties to disclose the sources and amounts of their campaign contributions and expenditures. This information is made available to the public, increasing transparency in political funding.

The single transferable vote system allows voters to rank candidates in order of preference. Voters' ballots are then transferred from their first-choice candidate to their second-choice candidate, and so on, until all seats are filled.