Realism emerged in India as a response to the British colonial rule, focusing on depicting the realities of Indian society under colonial rule.

Munshi Premchand is considered a pioneer of the Progressive Writers' Movement in India, known for his realistic portrayal of social and political issues.

The Nativism movement in Indian literature emphasized the importance of national identity, seeking to promote Indian culture and traditions in response to colonial rule.

Postmodernism emerged in India in the post-independence era, characterized by a rejection of traditional forms and structures and an emphasis on experimentation and fragmentation.

Bama is an Indian writer associated with the Dalit literary movement, known for her powerful portrayal of the experiences of Dalits (oppressed castes) in India.

The Feminist movement in Indian literature aimed to promote gender equality, challenging traditional gender roles and advocating for women's rights and empowerment.

Varavara Rao is an Indian writer and activist associated with the Naxalite literary movement, known for his writings on social and political issues.

The Tribal literary movement in India focused on tribal identity, seeking to preserve and promote tribal culture, traditions, and languages.

New Historicism emerged in India in the 1980s, emphasizing the importance of historical context in understanding literary texts and their relationship to political and social issues.

Akashvani is an Indian writer known for his contributions to the LGBTQ literary movement, exploring themes of gender identity, sexuality, and queer experiences.

The Environmental literary movement in India aimed to preserve natural resources, raising awareness about environmental issues and advocating for sustainable practices.

Vijay Tendulkar is an Indian writer associated with the Socialist literary movement, known for his plays that explore social and political issues, including class struggle and economic inequality.

The Diaspora literary movement in Indian literature focused on immigrant experiences, exploring the challenges, struggles, and identities of Indians living outside of India.

Modernism emerged in India in the early 20th century, characterized by a break from traditional forms and structures, an emphasis on experimentation, and a focus on urban life and social change.

Omprakash Valmiki is an Indian writer known for his contributions to the Dalit literary movement, exploring the experiences of Dalits and challenging caste discrimination.