Gender-based persecution is defined as persecution based on a person's sex, gender identity, or sexual orientation. This includes persecution based on a person's actual or perceived gender, as well as persecution based on a person's non-conformity with traditional gender roles.

Gender-based persecution can take many forms, including rape, sexual assault, and other forms of sexual violence; forced marriage, early marriage, and child marriage; female genital mutilation and other harmful traditional practices; denial of access to education, employment, and other opportunities; and other forms of discrimination and violence based on a person's sex, gender identity, or sexual orientation.

Gender-based persecution can affect anyone, regardless of their sex, gender identity, or sexual orientation. However, women and girls, LGBTQ+ people, and other marginalized groups are particularly at risk.

There are a number of challenges in proving gender-based persecution in an asylum claim. These challenges include the lack of documentation or evidence of persecution, the stigma associated with gender-based violence and discrimination, and the lack of understanding of gender-based persecution among asylum adjudicators.

There are a number of best practices for adjudicating asylum claims based on gender-based persecution. These best practices include providing training to asylum adjudicators on gender-based persecution, adopting a gender-sensitive approach to asylum adjudication, and considering the particular vulnerabilities of women and girls, LGBTQ+ people, and other marginalized groups.

The international community has a role to play in addressing gender-based persecution. This role includes providing financial and technical assistance to countries that are struggling to address gender-based persecution, advocating for the rights of women and girls, LGBTQ+ people, and other marginalized groups, and holding governments accountable for their failure to protect their citizens from gender-based persecution.

There are a number of challenges in addressing gender-based persecution at the international level. These challenges include the lack of political will to address gender-based persecution, the lack of resources to address gender-based persecution, and the lack of cooperation between countries in addressing gender-based persecution.

There are a number of best practices for addressing gender-based persecution at the international level. These best practices include adopting international legal instruments that prohibit gender-based persecution, providing financial and technical assistance to countries that are struggling to address gender-based persecution, and advocating for the rights of women and girls, LGBTQ+ people, and other marginalized groups.

Civil society organizations play a vital role in addressing gender-based persecution. This role includes providing direct services to victims of gender-based persecution, advocating for the rights of women and girls, LGBTQ+ people, and other marginalized groups, and holding governments accountable for their failure to protect their citizens from gender-based persecution.

Civil society organizations face a number of challenges in addressing gender-based persecution. These challenges include the lack of funding and resources, the lack of access to victims of gender-based persecution, and the lack of cooperation from governments.

There are a number of best practices for civil society organizations in addressing gender-based persecution. These best practices include building partnerships with other civil society organizations and international organizations, advocating for the rights of women and girls, LGBTQ+ people, and other marginalized groups, and providing direct services to victims of gender-based persecution.

The media plays a vital role in addressing gender-based persecution. This role includes raising awareness of gender-based persecution, holding governments accountable for their failure to protect their citizens from gender-based persecution, and advocating for the rights of women and girls, LGBTQ+ people, and other marginalized groups.

The media faces a number of challenges in addressing gender-based persecution. These challenges include the lack of access to information about gender-based persecution, the lack of understanding of gender-based persecution among journalists, and the fear of reprisal from governments and other powerful actors.

There are a number of best practices for the media in addressing gender-based persecution. These best practices include providing training to journalists on gender-based persecution, adopting a gender-sensitive approach to reporting on gender-based persecution, and working with civil society organizations and international organizations to raise awareness of gender-based persecution.