The auditory system is responsible for detecting and interpreting sound waves, allowing us to perceive and understand sounds.

The cochlea is a spiral-shaped structure in the inner ear that contains sensory cells called hair cells. These hair cells convert sound waves into electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain via the auditory nerve.

Pitch is the perception of the frequency of a sound wave. It is what allows us to distinguish between high-pitched and low-pitched sounds.

The shape of the ear canal does not affect the perception of pitch. Pitch is determined by the frequency of the sound wave.

Loudness is the perception of the intensity of a sound wave. It is what allows us to distinguish between loud and soft sounds.

The timbre of the sound wave does not affect the perception of loudness. Loudness is determined by the amplitude of the sound wave.

Timbre is the perception of the quality or character of a sound wave. It is what allows us to distinguish between different instruments or voices.

The distance from the sound source does not affect the perception of timbre. Timbre is determined by the waveform of the sound wave.

Spatial hearing is the ability to perceive the direction from which a sound is coming. It is also known as sound localization.

The frequency of the sound wave does not affect spatial hearing. Spatial hearing is determined by the interaural time difference, interaural level difference, and head-related transfer function.

An auditory illusion is a phenomenon where a sound appears to come from a location other than its actual source. This can be caused by a variety of factors, such as the shape of the room or the presence of reflective surfaces.

The Shepard tone is an auditory illusion where a tone appears to continuously ascend or descend in pitch, but never actually reaches a higher or lower pitch. This illusion is created by playing a series of tones that are slightly higher or lower than the previous tone.

The Doppler effect is a phenomenon where a sound appears to change in pitch as it moves towards or away from the listener. This is caused by the change in frequency of the sound waves as the source of the sound moves.

The sound of a siren getting louder as it approaches is an example of the Doppler effect. As the siren moves towards the listener, the frequency of the sound waves increases, causing the pitch to appear higher.

An echo is a phenomenon where a sound appears to persist for a short period of time after the source of the sound has stopped. This is caused by the reflection of sound waves off of surfaces, such as walls or mountains.