Modernism, as a literary movement, gained prominence in the West during the early 20th century and had a limited influence on Indian literature during the colonial period.

'Anandamath' is widely regarded as one of the first major novels in Indian literature to explicitly promote nationalism and inspire the struggle for independence from British rule.

Autobiography, as a genre, gained popularity in Indian literature during the colonial period as a means for writers to express their personal experiences, challenge colonial narratives, and assert their own identities.

Orientalism, as a concept, refers to the way in which the West has historically perceived and represented the East, often exoticizing and romanticizing it.

Premchand, also known as Dhanpat Rai, is renowned for his poignant depiction of the struggles faced by the lower castes and his exploration of social issues in his works.

'Gora' explores the complexities of religious identity and the clash between traditional beliefs and modern values in the context of colonial India.

Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay is known for his satirical and critical depiction of British rule in his novels, such as 'Devdas' and 'Parineeta'.

'The Guide' is set in the context of the Green Revolution in India, which aimed to increase agricultural productivity.

Raja Rao is renowned for his exploration of the inner workings of the human mind and his innovative use of stream-of-consciousness technique in his novels.

'Midnight's Children' explores the impact of the Partition of India on the lives of individuals and the nation as a whole.

Mahasweta Devi is renowned for her poignant depiction of the struggles faced by women in rural India, particularly those belonging to marginalized communities.

'The God of Small Things' explores the impact of the Naxalite Movement on the lives of individuals and communities in Kerala.

Amitav Ghosh is renowned for his exploration of the themes of identity, displacement, and belonging in his novels, often set against the backdrop of historical events.

'The White Tiger' explores the impact of neoliberalism and globalization on the lives of individuals and communities in India.

Arundhati Roy is renowned for her satirical and critical portrayal of contemporary Indian society and politics in her novels and essays.