France pursued a policy of assimilation in its colonies, aiming to integrate the local population into French culture and society.

The British colonial policy of indirect rule aimed to maintain local customs and traditions, while still asserting British control over the colony.

South Africa introduced a system of racial segregation in its colonies, known as apartheid, which enforced the separation of different racial groups.

The Spanish colonial policy of encomienda established a system of forced labor, where indigenous people were required to work for Spanish landowners.

Portugal pursued a policy of cultural genocide in its colonies, aiming to eradicate indigenous languages, customs, and traditions.

The French colonial policy of assimilation aimed to integrate the local population into French culture and society, promoting the adoption of French language, customs, and values.

Great Britain introduced a system of dual citizenship in its colonies, allowing certain individuals to hold both British and colonial citizenship.

The Spanish colonial policy of reducción aimed to concentrate indigenous populations into settlements, known as reducciones, for easier control and conversion to Christianity.

Great Britain pursued a policy of cultural pluralism in its colonies, allowing for the preservation of local customs and traditions while still asserting British control.

The Portuguese colonial policy of assimilação aimed to integrate the local population into Portuguese culture and society, promoting the adoption of Portuguese language, customs, and values.

Great Britain introduced a system of indirect rule in its colonies, allowing local rulers to maintain their authority while still being subject to British control.

The French colonial policy of association aimed to integrate the local population into French culture and society, promoting the adoption of French language, customs, and values.

France pursued a policy of cultural assimilation in its colonies, aiming to integrate the local population into French culture and society.

The British colonial policy of divide and rule aimed to prevent the emergence of a unified resistance movement by dividing the local population along ethnic, religious, or tribal lines.

South Africa introduced a system of apartheid in its colonies, which enforced the separation of different racial groups.