Aryabhata, who lived in the 5th century CE, made groundbreaking contributions to astronomy and mathematics, earning him the title of the father of Indian astronomy.

Ancient Indian astronomy was primarily used for navigational purposes, aiding sailors and travelers in determining their location and direction while traversing vast bodies of water.

Ancient Indian astronomers relied on the positions of stars, particularly those visible in the night sky, as reference points for navigation and timekeeping.

Nakshatras, or lunar mansions, were important in ancient Indian astronomy as they helped determine the position of the Moon relative to specific stars, aiding in navigation and timekeeping.

Ancient Indian astronomers primarily used sundials to measure time, as they provided a simple and accurate method of determining the time of day based on the position of the Sun.

Varahamihira, a renowned 6th-century astronomer, introduced the concept of the zodiac and the 12 zodiac signs, which became integral to Indian astrology and timekeeping.

The astrolabe was the primary navigational instrument used by ancient Indian sailors. It allowed them to determine their latitude by measuring the altitude of celestial bodies above the horizon.

Ancient Indian astronomers employed trigonometry to calculate the distances between celestial bodies. This method involved measuring angles and using trigonometric ratios to determine distances.

Aryabhata was the first astronomer to propose the theory of the Earth's rotation on its axis, challenging the prevailing belief that the Earth was stationary.

The Jyotishastra was primarily intended for navigational purposes, providing guidance to sailors and travelers on how to determine their location and direction using celestial observations.

Ancient Indian astronomers used their understanding of ecliptic cycles, the paths of the Sun and Moon, to predict the occurrence of eclipses.

Aryabhata developed a method for calculating the circumference of the Earth, demonstrating his advanced understanding of astronomy and mathematics.

The Panchang was primarily used for timekeeping, providing information on the positions of celestial bodies, auspicious dates, and festivals throughout the year.

Ancient Indian astronomers used star charts to determine the time of day by observing the positions of specific stars relative to the horizon.

Aryabhata was the first astronomer to propose the theory of the Earth's revolution around the Sun, challenging the prevailing geocentric model of the universe.