Sociobiology is a theory that emphasizes the role of biological factors, such as genetics and evolution, in shaping human behavior and social organization.

Functionalism emphasizes the role of culture in maintaining social order and stability.

Cultural ecology focuses on the relationship between culture and the environment, and how cultural practices are shaped by environmental factors.

Cultural materialism emphasizes the role of economic factors, such as the mode of production and distribution of resources, in shaping cultural variation.

Linguistic relativity, also known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, emphasizes the role of language in shaping human thought and behavior.

Structuralism focuses on the underlying structures of culture, such as the binary oppositions and deep structures that organize cultural meanings and practices.

Symbolic interactionism emphasizes the role of symbols and meanings in shaping human experience and interaction.

Cultural determinism emphasizes the idea that culture determines human behavior and thought.

Cultural hegemony emphasizes the role of power and inequality in shaping cultural practices and meanings.

Cultural relativism emphasizes the importance of understanding cultural practices in their own context, rather than evaluating them based on universal standards.

Cultural constructivism emphasizes the role of agency and individual creativity in shaping cultural change and meaning-making.

Cultural evolutionism emphasizes the role of natural selection in shaping cultural change and adaptation.

Cultural diffusionism emphasizes the role of cultural diffusion, or the spread of cultural traits from one society to another, in shaping cultural change.

Cultural globalization emphasizes the role of global capitalism, the internet and digital technologies, and the increasing interconnectedness of the world in shaping contemporary cultural change.

Cultural hybridization emphasizes the role of cultural hybridity and syncretism, or the blending of different cultural elements, in shaping cultural change.