Waste management activities, including waste collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal, contribute approximately 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions.

Methane (CH4) is the primary greenhouse gas emitted from waste management activities, particularly from the decomposition of organic waste in landfills and wastewater treatment plants.

Landfills are the primary source of methane emissions from waste management, as organic waste decomposes anaerobically in the absence of oxygen.

Recycling diverts waste from landfills and incineration, reducing the associated greenhouse gas emissions. It also conserves natural resources and reduces the need for virgin material extraction.

Landfill gas recovery involves capturing methane gas from landfills and using it as a fuel source, either for electricity generation or direct use in industrial processes.

Anaerobic digestion is a biological process that breaks down organic waste in the absence of oxygen, producing a biogas mixture composed primarily of methane and carbon dioxide.

Composting organic waste produces a nutrient-rich material that can be used as a natural fertilizer for agriculture, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers and their associated environmental impacts.

Incineration of waste can release harmful pollutants into the air, including particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and dioxins, contributing to air pollution and its associated health and environmental impacts.

Recycling involves processing waste materials into new materials and objects, reducing the need for raw material extraction and conserving natural resources.

Incineration involves burning waste at high temperatures to reduce its volume and destroy harmful contaminants.

Reducing waste generation helps conserve natural resources by decreasing the demand for raw materials and reducing the need for resource extraction.

Pyrolysis involves heating waste materials in the absence of oxygen to produce a variety of products, including bio-oil, syngas, and char.

Gasification involves converting waste materials into a synthetic gas mixture, known as syngas, through a thermochemical process.

Aerobic composting involves the biological decomposition of organic waste in the presence of oxygen, resulting in the production of compost, a nutrient-rich material used in agriculture.

Waste-to-energy involves converting waste materials into usable forms of energy, such as electricity, heat, or fuel.