Galaxy rotation curves show that the speed of stars in galaxies does not decrease as expected based on the visible mass, suggesting the presence of additional mass, known as dark matter.

Dark matter is estimated to make up approximately 27% of the total mass-energy content of the universe, while ordinary matter accounts for only about 4.9%.

Jayant Narlikar is an Indian astrophysicist and cosmologist who has made significant contributions to the study of dark matter and its effects on galaxy dynamics.

Astrosat is an Indian satellite mission launched in 2015 to study dark matter, black holes, neutron stars, and other astrophysical phenomena.

The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) is involved in the search for dark matter particles through observations of radio waves emitted by dark matter interactions.

Mordehai Milgrom is an Israeli astrophysicist who proposed the 'modified Newtonian dynamics' (MOND) theory as an alternative explanation for galaxy rotation curves without the need for dark matter.

The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) has a dedicated research group focused on the study of dark matter and cosmology, conducting theoretical and observational research in this field.

P. S. Behroozi is an Indian astrophysicist who has made significant contributions to the study of dark matter halos and their impact on galaxy formation.

The Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT) is involved in the study of dark matter through gravitational lensing observations, allowing astronomers to probe the distribution and properties of dark matter in the universe.

Ajit Kembhavi is an Indian astrophysicist who has conducted extensive research on the age of the universe using observations of distant galaxies, contributing to our understanding of the universe's evolution.

The Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) has a dedicated research group focused on the study of cosmology and the age of the universe, conducting theoretical and observational research in this field.

Tarun Souradeep is an Indian astrophysicist who has made significant contributions to the study of cosmic microwave background radiation and its implications for the age of the universe.

The Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT) is involved in the study of the cosmic microwave background radiation to probe the age of the universe, providing valuable insights into the early universe and its evolution.

Shyam Sunder Dhurandhar is an Indian astrophysicist who has conducted extensive research on the relationship between dark matter and the formation of galaxies, contributing to our understanding of galaxy evolution.

The National Centre for Radio Astrophysics (NCRA) has a dedicated research group focused on the study of dark matter and its impact on galaxy formation and evolution, conducting theoretical and observational research in this field.