The difference between a major scale and a minor scale lies in the arrangement of whole and half steps. In a major scale, the pattern of whole and half steps is W-W-H-W-W-W-H, while in a minor scale, the pattern is W-H-W-W-H-W-W.

The harmonic minor scale is formed by raising the 4th and 7th notes of the natural minor scale by one half step. This creates a scale with a distinctive sound that is often used in classical music and jazz.

The melodic minor scale is formed by raising the 6th and 7th notes of the natural minor scale by one half step. This creates a scale with a distinctive sound that is often used in classical music and jazz.

The ascending melodic minor scale is formed by raising the 2nd, 3rd, 6th, and 7th notes of the natural minor scale by one half step. This creates a scale with a distinctive sound that is often used in classical music and jazz.

The descending melodic minor scale is formed by lowering the 2nd, 3rd, 6th, and 7th notes of the natural minor scale by one half step. This creates a scale with a distinctive sound that is often used in classical music and jazz.

The whole tone scale is formed by alternating between whole and half steps, starting with a whole step. This creates a scale with a distinctive sound that is often used in classical music and jazz.

The half tone scale is formed by alternating between whole and half steps, starting with a half step. This creates a scale with a distinctive sound that is often used in classical music and jazz.

The chromatic scale is formed by using all 12 notes of the chromatic scale. This creates a scale with a distinctive sound that is often used in classical music and jazz.

The Dorian scale is formed by using the notes of the C major scale, but starting on the note D. This creates a scale with a distinctive sound that is often used in classical music and jazz.

The Phrygian scale is formed by using the notes of the C major scale, but starting on the note E. This creates a scale with a distinctive sound that is often used in classical music and jazz.

The Lydian scale is formed by using the notes of the C major scale, but starting on the note F. This creates a scale with a distinctive sound that is often used in classical music and jazz.

The Mixolydian scale is formed by using the notes of the C major scale, but starting on the note G. This creates a scale with a distinctive sound that is often used in classical music and jazz.

The Aeolian scale is formed by using the notes of the C major scale, but starting on the note A. This creates a scale with a distinctive sound that is often used in classical music and jazz.

The Locrian scale is formed by using the notes of the C major scale, but starting on the note B. This creates a scale with a distinctive sound that is often used in classical music and jazz.

The Ionian scale is formed by using the notes of the C major scale, but starting on the note C#. This creates a scale with a distinctive sound that is often used in classical music and jazz.