Garlic is the most common spice or herb allergy, affecting up to 1% of the population.

Symptoms of a spice or herb allergy can include hives, swelling, itching, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis.

An allergy is caused by the immune system, while an intolerance is caused by the digestive system. An allergy is caused by a reaction to a protein in the spice or herb, while an intolerance is caused by a reaction to a chemical in the spice or herb. An allergy can be life-threatening, while an intolerance is not.

Common spices or herbs that can cause an intolerance include garlic, onion, cumin, and paprika.

Ways to avoid a spice or herb allergy or intolerance include reading food labels carefully, asking about ingredients when eating out, and cooking at home using fresh ingredients.

If you think you have a spice or herb allergy or intolerance, you should see a doctor, try an elimination diet, and keep a food journal.

The treatment for a spice or herb allergy includes avoidance of the spice or herb, antihistamines, and epinephrine.

The treatment for a spice or herb intolerance includes avoidance of the spice or herb, a low-FODMAP diet, and probiotics.

Common spices or herbs that are safe for people with spice or herb allergies or intolerances include basil, bay leaf, and black pepper.

Ways to add flavor to food without using spices or herbs include using citrus fruits, vinegars, and nuts and seeds.

Common spices or herbs that can be used as a substitute for garlic include onion, shallot, and leek.

Common spices or herbs that can be used as a substitute for onion include garlic, shallot, and leek.

Common spices or herbs that can be used as a substitute for cumin include coriander, fennel, and caraway.

Common spices or herbs that can be used as a substitute for paprika include chili powder, cayenne pepper, and red pepper flakes.

Resources for people with spice or herb allergies or intolerances include The Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Network (FAAN), The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI), and The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).