Increased physical activity is generally considered a positive health outcome, while air pollution, water contamination, and the spread of infectious diseases are all negative health outcomes associated with urbanization.

Particulate matter, which includes fine particles and coarse particles, is the air pollutant most commonly associated with urbanization. It is emitted from vehicles, industrial activities, and other sources.

Air pollution can cause a variety of health problems, including respiratory problems, heart disease, stroke, and damage to the brain and nervous system.

Sewage discharge, industrial waste, and agricultural runoff are all major sources of water contamination in urban areas.

Water contamination can cause a variety of health problems, including gastrointestinal problems, skin infections, liver damage, and kidney damage.

Overcrowding, poor sanitation, and lack of access to healthcare are all major factors contributing to the spread of infectious diseases in urban areas.

Investing in green infrastructure, promoting public transportation and walking, and reducing air pollution and water contamination can all help to make urbanization more sustainable and healthier.

Urbanization is the process by which rural areas become urbanized.

A strong sense of community is not a characteristic of urban areas. In fact, urban areas are often characterized by a lack of social cohesion and a sense of anonymity.

Exurbanization is the process by which people move from urban areas to rural areas.

Increased physical activity is generally considered a positive health outcome, while increased air pollution, increased water contamination, and increased risk of obesity are all negative health outcomes associated with urbanization.

Overcrowding, poor sanitation, and lack of access to healthcare are all major factors contributing to the spread of infectious diseases in urban areas.

Investing in green infrastructure, promoting public transportation and walking, and reducing air pollution and water contamination can all help to make urbanization more sustainable and healthier.

Urbanization is the process by which rural areas become urbanized.

A strong sense of community is not a characteristic of urban areas. In fact, urban areas are often characterized by a lack of social cohesion and a sense of anonymity.