Escherichia coli is the most common cause of pyelonephritis, accounting for about 80% of cases.

Diabetes, pregnancy, and urinary tract obstruction are all risk factors for pyelonephritis.

The symptoms of pyelonephritis can include fever, chills, flank pain, frequent urination, and dysuria.

Pyelonephritis is diagnosed based on a combination of urinalysis, blood culture, and imaging studies.

Pyelonephritis is treated with antibiotics, pain relievers, and fluids.

The complications of pyelonephritis can include kidney damage, sepsis, and death.

Pyelonephritis can be prevented by drinking plenty of fluids, practicing good hygiene, and treating urinary tract infections promptly.

The symptoms of chronic pyelonephritis can include back pain, frequent urination, and weight loss.

Chronic pyelonephritis is treated with antibiotics, surgery, and dialysis.

The prognosis for pyelonephritis is good with early treatment, but it can be poor with delayed treatment. The prognosis also depends on the severity of the infection.

Being female, having a history of urinary tract infections, and being pregnant are all risk factors for developing pyelonephritis.

Kidney scarring is the most common complication of pyelonephritis.

Fever, chills, and flank pain are all symptoms of pyelonephritis.

Pyelonephritis is diagnosed based on a combination of urinalysis, blood culture, and imaging studies.

Pyelonephritis is treated with antibiotics, pain relievers, and fluids.