Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the three macronutrients that provide the body with energy and building blocks for growth and repair. Vitamins are micronutrients that are essential for various bodily functions but do not provide energy.

Fats provide 9 calories per gram, while carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 calories per gram. Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that is not digestible by the body and therefore does not provide energy.

A complete protein contains all nine essential amino acids that the body cannot synthesize on its own. Beans and rice are incomplete proteins, meaning they lack one or more essential amino acids. Corn is not a significant source of protein.

Vitamin A is essential for vision, particularly in dim light conditions. It helps the retina convert light into electrical signals that are sent to the brain.

Iron is a vital component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. Without sufficient iron, the body cannot produce enough red blood cells, leading to anemia.

According to dietary guidelines, adults should aim for 5-9 servings of fruits and vegetables per day. This recommendation is based on the numerous health benefits associated with consuming a variety of plant-based foods.

Olive oil is a plant-based oil rich in monounsaturated fats, which are considered heart-healthy. Butter, coconut oil, and lard are high in saturated fats, which can raise LDL (bad) cholesterol levels in the blood.

Carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy. They are broken down into glucose, which is then used by cells for fuel. Carbohydrates can also be stored in the liver and muscles as glycogen for later use.

Vitamin K is necessary for the production of proteins involved in blood clotting. Without sufficient vitamin K, blood may not clot properly, leading to excessive bleeding.

The recommended daily intake of water for adults is approximately 2-3 liters (8-10 cups). This amount can vary depending on factors such as activity level, climate, and individual needs.

Oatmeal is a whole grain that is high in dietary fiber, which is important for digestive health and can help lower cholesterol levels. White bread, brown rice, and potato chips are not significant sources of dietary fiber.

Proteins are essential for building and repairing tissues, including muscles, bones, skin, and organs. They also play a role in producing hormones, enzymes, and other molecules necessary for various bodily functions.

Calcium is a vital mineral for maintaining strong bones and teeth. It also plays a role in muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and blood clotting.

The recommended daily intake of added sugars for adults is less than 25 grams. Added sugars are those that are added to foods during processing or preparation, rather than naturally occurring sugars found in fruits and vegetables.

Salmon is a fatty fish that is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential fatty acids that the body cannot produce on its own. Omega-3 fatty acids have been linked to numerous health benefits, including reduced risk of heart disease and improved brain function.