Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals, families, households, or other categories of people within or between social strata.

Circular mobility is not a type of social mobility because it does not involve a change in social status.

Vertical mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups from one social class to another.

Horizontal mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups within the same social class.

Structural mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups due to changes in the social structure.

Intergenerational mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups across generations.

Intragenerational mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups within a generation.

Upward mobility refers to the upward movement of individuals or groups in the social hierarchy.

Downward mobility refers to the downward movement of individuals or groups in the social hierarchy.

Race is not a factor that affects social mobility because it is a social construct and not a determinant of social status.

The Social Mobility Index is a measure of social mobility that compares the social status of individuals with the social status of their parents.

Denmark has the highest rate of social mobility because it has a strong social safety net and a high level of social equality.

South Africa has the lowest rate of social mobility because it has a high level of inequality and a weak social safety net.

Social mobility can lead to decreased social inequality by providing opportunities for individuals to move up the social ladder.

Discrimination, poverty, and lack of education are all challenges to social mobility.