Soil and Water Quality

Description: Test your knowledge on Soil and Water Quality.
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: soil science water quality environmental science
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What is the primary factor that determines the texture of a soil?

  1. Sand content

  2. Clay content

  3. Silt content

  4. Organic matter content


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The texture of a soil is primarily determined by the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay particles in the soil.

Which of the following is NOT a primary soil nutrient?

  1. Nitrogen

  2. Phosphorus

  3. Potassium

  4. Calcium


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Calcium is an important plant nutrient, but it is not considered a primary nutrient like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

What is the process by which water moves through the soil profile?

  1. Infiltration

  2. Percolation

  3. Transpiration

  4. Evaporation


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Percolation is the process by which water moves through the soil profile, from the surface to the groundwater.

Which of the following is a major source of water pollution?

  1. Industrial wastewater

  2. Agricultural runoff

  3. Sewage discharge

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

All of the above are major sources of water pollution.

What is the process by which plants absorb water and nutrients from the soil?

  1. Transpiration

  2. Photosynthesis

  3. Respiration

  4. Nitrogen fixation


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Transpiration is the process by which plants absorb water and nutrients from the soil through their roots and release water vapor into the atmosphere through their leaves.

What is the term for the layer of soil that is most affected by human activities?

  1. Topsoil

  2. Subsoil

  3. Parent material

  4. Bedrock


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Topsoil is the layer of soil that is most affected by human activities, such as agriculture and construction.

Which of the following is NOT a type of soil erosion?

  1. Wind erosion

  2. Water erosion

  3. Sheet erosion

  4. Rill erosion


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Sheet erosion is not a type of soil erosion. It is the process by which soil is removed from the land surface by wind or water.

What is the process by which soil is formed from parent material?

  1. Weathering

  2. Erosion

  3. Deposition

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Soil is formed from parent material through the processes of weathering, erosion, and deposition.

Which of the following is NOT a type of soil texture?

  1. Sandy

  2. Silty

  3. Clayey

  4. Loamy


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Loamy is not a type of soil texture. It is a term used to describe a soil that has a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay.

What is the term for the process by which water is removed from the soil by evaporation and transpiration?

  1. Infiltration

  2. Percolation

  3. Evapotranspiration

  4. Runoff


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Evapotranspiration is the process by which water is removed from the soil by evaporation and transpiration.

Which of the following is NOT a type of soil structure?

  1. Single-grained

  2. Massive

  3. Platy

  4. Prismatic


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Single-grained is not a type of soil structure. It is a term used to describe a soil that has individual soil particles that are not aggregated together.

What is the term for the layer of soil that is located between the topsoil and the subsoil?

  1. A horizon

  2. B horizon

  3. C horizon

  4. R horizon


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The B horizon is the layer of soil that is located between the topsoil and the subsoil.

Which of the following is NOT a type of soil horizon?

  1. O horizon

  2. A horizon

  3. B horizon

  4. C horizon


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The O horizon is not a type of soil horizon. It is the layer of organic matter that is found on the surface of the soil.

What is the term for the process by which soil is deposited by wind?

  1. Aeolian deposition

  2. Fluvial deposition

  3. Glacial deposition

  4. Colluvial deposition


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Aeolian deposition is the process by which soil is deposited by wind.

Which of the following is NOT a type of soil profile?

  1. Entisol

  2. Vertisol

  3. Mollisol

  4. Spodosol


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Entisol is not a type of soil profile. It is a soil order that is characterized by the absence of distinct soil horizons.

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