First-past-the-post

Proportional representation

Ranked choice voting

Plurality voting

To ensure that the most popular candidate wins

To ensure that all voters have an equal say in the outcome of the election

To ensure that the election is fair and transparent

To ensure that the election is efficient and cost-effective

The size of the electorate

The geographic distribution of the population

The number of parties competing in the election

All of the above

In a single-member district, voters elect one representative, while in a multi-member district, voters elect multiple representatives.

In a single-member district, voters can only vote for one candidate, while in a multi-member district, voters can vote for multiple candidates.

In a single-member district, the candidate with the most votes wins, while in a multi-member district, the candidates with the most votes are elected.

All of the above

Proportional representation

Single transferable vote

Mixed-member proportional representation

All of the above

They ensure that all parties are represented in the legislature in proportion to their share of the vote.

They make it easier for new parties to enter the political system.

They reduce the likelihood of gerrymandering.

All of the above

They can lead to weak and unstable governments.

They can make it difficult for voters to hold their representatives accountable.

They can encourage the formation of small, single-issue parties.

All of the above

The practice of drawing electoral district boundaries in a way that favors one party or group of voters over another.

The practice of stuffing ballot boxes with fake votes.

The practice of buying votes.

The practice of intimidating voters.

Packing

Cracking

Gerrymandering by omission

All of the above

It can lead to uncompetitive elections.

It can make it difficult for minority groups to elect representatives.

It can undermine the public's trust in the electoral system.

All of the above

Independent redistricting commissions

Ranked choice voting

Proportional representation

All of the above

In a closed primary, only registered members of a party can vote in the primary election, while in an open primary, any registered voter can vote in the primary election.

In a closed primary, voters can only vote for candidates from their own party, while in an open primary, voters can vote for candidates from any party.

In a closed primary, the winner of the primary election is the candidate with the most votes, while in an open primary, the winner of the primary election is the candidate with the most votes from their own party.

All of the above

They ensure that only party members can vote in the primary election.

They make it easier for new parties to enter the political system.

They reduce the likelihood of crossover voting.

All of the above

They can make it difficult for independent voters to participate in the primary election.

They can discourage new parties from entering the political system.

They can increase the likelihood of crossover voting.

All of the above

In a runoff election, the two candidates with the most votes in the first round of voting face off in a second round of voting, while in a single-round election, the candidate with the most votes in the first round of voting wins.

In a runoff election, voters can only vote for one candidate, while in a single-round election, voters can vote for multiple candidates.

In a runoff election, the winner is the candidate with the most votes overall, while in a single-round election, the winner is the candidate with the most votes from their own party.

All of the above