Genetic engineering involves altering the genetic makeup of organisms, which can have unpredictable and potentially harmful effects on the organism, its offspring, and the environment.

Autonomy refers to the right of individuals to make decisions about their own lives and bodies, including decisions about genetic engineering.

Transgenesis involves the insertion of foreign genetic material into the genome of an organism, resulting in the expression of new traits.

Justice refers to the fair and equitable distribution of benefits and burdens, including the benefits and risks associated with genetic engineering.

Cloning involves the creation of a genetically identical copy of an existing organism.

Non-maleficence refers to the principle of avoiding harm, including the potential harms associated with genetic engineering.

Gene therapy involves the introduction of genetic material into cells to treat or prevent a disease.

Beneficence refers to the principle of acting in the best interests of individuals, including the potential benefits of genetic engineering.

Genetic modification involves the alteration of the genetic makeup of an organism in order to enhance its traits, such as its resistance to pests or its nutritional value.

Human dignity refers to the inherent worth and dignity of all human beings, regardless of their genetic makeup.

Genetic modification involves the alteration of the genetic makeup of an organism, typically through the insertion or deletion of genes.

Environmental stewardship refers to the principle of respecting and protecting the natural order and the integrity of ecosystems.

Transgenesis involves the insertion of foreign genetic material into the genome of an organism, resulting in the expression of new traits.

Cultural respect refers to the principle of respecting the cultural and religious beliefs and values of individuals and communities.

Cloning involves the creation of a genetically identical copy of an existing organism.