Urbanization is the process by which people move from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and towns.

Increased environmental pollution is a consequence of urbanization, not a characteristic.

Counterurbanization is the process by which people move from urban areas to rural areas, often in search of a better quality of life.

Natural disasters are not a factor that contributes to urbanization, but rather a factor that can lead to displacement and migration.

Social mobilization is the process by which individuals and groups are brought together to take collective action on a particular issue or cause.

Countercultural movements are not a type of social movement, but rather a cultural phenomenon that often overlaps with social movements.

Social change is the process by which social movements bring about changes in society, such as changes in laws, policies, or cultural norms.

Government repression is a factor that can hinder the success of social movements, not contribute to it.

Social incorporation is the process by which social movements become part of the established social order, often through the adoption of their goals and objectives by mainstream institutions.

Reduced environmental pollution is not a consequence of urbanization, but rather a goal that can be achieved through urban planning and policy.

Social diffusion is the process by which social movements spread from one place to another through various channels, such as media, communication, and migration.

Religious organizations are not typically considered to be social movement organizations, although they can sometimes play a role in social movements.

Social disintegration is the process by which social movements decline and eventually disappear, often due to a loss of support, leadership, or resources.

Government cooptation is a factor that can contribute to the success of social movements, not their decline.

Social resurgence is the process by which social movements are revived or re-emerge after a period of decline, often due to new leadership, new issues, or new opportunities.