Elite Theory posits that a small, cohesive group of individuals holds disproportionate power and influence in society, often using their wealth and connections to maintain their privileged position.

In Marxist Theory, the Bourgeoisie, or capitalist class, is seen as the dominant class in a capitalist society, possessing the means of production and wielding significant political power.

Political Upward Mobility refers to the movement of individuals from lower social classes to positions of political power and influence.

Pluralist Theory argues that political power is dispersed among a multitude of groups and organizations, each with its own interests and influence, rather than being concentrated in the hands of a single elite.

Social Closure refers to the process by which individuals from higher social classes use their power and influence to limit opportunities for upward mobility from lower classes, thus maintaining their privileged position.

Functionalist Theory posits that social stratification serves to assign individuals to different roles in society based on their abilities and talents, thus promoting social order and stability.

Functionalist Theory posits that social stratification is a natural and inevitable part of society, with different social classes performing different functions that contribute to the overall functioning of society.

Social Revolution refers to the process by which individuals from lower social classes challenge the existing social order and seek to overthrow the dominant class, often through violent means.

Meritocratic Theory posits that social stratification is a result of individual merit and effort, with individuals achieving their position based on their talents and abilities, rather than their social background or inherited wealth.

Political Elite Capture refers to the process by which individuals from higher social classes use their power and influence to shape political outcomes in their favor, often at the expense of lower social classes.

Marxist Theory posits that social stratification is primarily caused by economic exploitation, with the capitalist class extracting surplus value from the working class, leading to the accumulation of wealth and power in the hands of the few.

Cultural Theory posits that social stratification is a result of cultural differences and values, with different groups holding different beliefs and practices that shape their social position and opportunities.

Social Mobility refers to the process by which individuals move from one social class to another, either upward or downward, through education, occupation, or marriage.

Elite Theory posits that elites maintain their power and influence through cultural hegemony, or the ability to shape and control the dominant cultural values and beliefs in society, thereby legitimizing their position and maintaining the status quo.

Hereditarian Theory posits that social stratification is a result of natural differences in human abilities and talents, with individuals from certain social classes inheriting traits that make them more likely to succeed.