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Research Methods in Industrial-Organizational Psychology

Description: This quiz will assess your understanding of research methods used in Industrial-Organizational Psychology. It covers topics such as research design, data collection, and analysis.
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: industrial-organizational psychology research methods experimental design survey research data analysis
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Which of the following is an example of a non-experimental research design?

  1. Randomized controlled trial

  2. Quasi-experiment

  3. Correlational study

  4. Meta-analysis

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Correlational studies are non-experimental because they do not involve manipulating an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable.

What is the purpose of a pilot study?

  1. To test the feasibility of a research study

  2. To collect data for the main study

  3. To analyze the data from the main study

  4. To write the research report

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A pilot study is a small-scale study that is conducted before the main study to test the feasibility of the research design, data collection methods, and analysis plan.

Which of the following is an example of a quantitative research method?

  1. Interviews

  2. Focus groups

  3. Surveys

  4. Observation

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Surveys are a quantitative research method because they involve collecting data in a structured format that can be analyzed statistically.

What is the difference between a population and a sample?

  1. A population is the entire group of individuals that a researcher is interested in studying, while a sample is a subset of the population that is actually studied.

  2. A population is the group of individuals that a researcher is interested in studying, while a sample is the group of individuals that are actually studied.

  3. A population is the group of individuals that a researcher is interested in studying, while a sample is the group of individuals that are not actually studied.

  4. A population is the group of individuals that a researcher is interested in studying, while a sample is the group of individuals that are not actually studied.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A population is the entire group of individuals that a researcher is interested in studying, while a sample is a subset of the population that is actually studied.

What is the purpose of a research hypothesis?

  1. To provide a prediction about the outcome of a study

  2. To explain the results of a study

  3. To generate new research questions

  4. To test the validity of a research method

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A research hypothesis is a prediction about the outcome of a study. It is based on the researcher's knowledge of the literature and their understanding of the research problem.

What is the difference between a dependent variable and an independent variable?

  1. A dependent variable is the variable that is being measured, while an independent variable is the variable that is being manipulated.

  2. A dependent variable is the variable that is being manipulated, while an independent variable is the variable that is being measured.

  3. A dependent variable is the variable that is being controlled, while an independent variable is the variable that is being manipulated.

  4. A dependent variable is the variable that is being manipulated, while an independent variable is the variable that is being controlled.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A dependent variable is the variable that is being measured, while an independent variable is the variable that is being manipulated.

What is the purpose of a literature review?

  1. To identify gaps in the research literature

  2. To summarize the existing research on a topic

  3. To develop a research hypothesis

  4. To all of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A literature review is a critical analysis of the existing research on a topic. It is used to identify gaps in the research literature, summarize the existing research, and develop a research hypothesis.

What is the difference between a qualitative and quantitative research method?

  1. Qualitative research methods involve collecting data in a structured format, while quantitative research methods involve collecting data in an unstructured format.

  2. Qualitative research methods involve collecting data in an unstructured format, while quantitative research methods involve collecting data in a structured format.

  3. Qualitative research methods involve collecting data in a structured format, while quantitative research methods involve collecting data in a unstructured format.

  4. Qualitative research methods involve collecting data in an unstructured format, while quantitative research methods involve collecting data in a structured format.

Show answer
Correct Option: B,D
Explanation:

Qualitative research methods involve collecting data in an unstructured format, while quantitative research methods involve collecting data in a structured format.

What is the purpose of a research design?

  1. To specify the methods that will be used to collect and analyze data

  2. To identify the variables that will be studied

  3. To develop a research hypothesis

  4. To all of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A research design is a plan for conducting a research study. It specifies the methods that will be used to collect and analyze data, the variables that will be studied, and the research hypothesis.

What is the difference between a cross-sectional study and a longitudinal study?

  1. A cross-sectional study collects data from a sample of individuals at one point in time, while a longitudinal study collects data from the same sample of individuals over a period of time.

  2. A cross-sectional study collects data from a sample of individuals at one point in time, while a longitudinal study collects data from a sample of individuals over a period of time.

  3. A cross-sectional study collects data from a sample of individuals at one point in time, while a longitudinal study collects data from a sample of individuals over a period of time.

  4. A cross-sectional study collects data from a sample of individuals at one point in time, while a longitudinal study collects data from a sample of individuals over a period of time.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A cross-sectional study collects data from a sample of individuals at one point in time, while a longitudinal study collects data from the same sample of individuals over a period of time.

What is the purpose of a meta-analysis?

  1. To combine the results of multiple studies on the same topic

  2. To identify gaps in the research literature

  3. To develop a research hypothesis

  4. To all of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A meta-analysis is a statistical technique that is used to combine the results of multiple studies on the same topic. It is used to identify gaps in the research literature, develop a research hypothesis, and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the research findings.

What is the difference between a correlational study and an experimental study?

  1. A correlational study examines the relationship between two or more variables, while an experimental study examines the effect of one variable on another variable.

  2. A correlational study examines the relationship between two or more variables, while an experimental study examines the effect of one variable on another variable.

  3. A correlational study examines the relationship between two or more variables, while an experimental study examines the effect of one variable on another variable.

  4. A correlational study examines the relationship between two or more variables, while an experimental study examines the effect of one variable on another variable.

Show answer
Correct Option: A,B,C,D
Explanation:

A correlational study examines the relationship between two or more variables, while an experimental study examines the effect of one variable on another variable.

What is the purpose of a research report?

  1. To communicate the results of a research study

  2. To provide a detailed description of the research methods

  3. To discuss the implications of the research findings

  4. To all of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A research report is a document that communicates the results of a research study. It provides a detailed description of the research methods, discusses the implications of the research findings, and provides recommendations for future research.

What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?

  1. A theory is a general explanation of a phenomenon, while a hypothesis is a specific prediction about the outcome of a study.

  2. A theory is a specific prediction about the outcome of a study, while a hypothesis is a general explanation of a phenomenon.

  3. A theory is a general explanation of a phenomenon, while a hypothesis is a specific prediction about the outcome of a study.

  4. A theory is a specific prediction about the outcome of a study, while a hypothesis is a general explanation of a phenomenon.

Show answer
Correct Option: A,C
Explanation:

A theory is a general explanation of a phenomenon, while a hypothesis is a specific prediction about the outcome of a study.

What is the difference between a qualitative and quantitative research method?

  1. Qualitative research methods involve collecting data in a structured format, while quantitative research methods involve collecting data in an unstructured format.

  2. Qualitative research methods involve collecting data in an unstructured format, while quantitative research methods involve collecting data in a structured format.

  3. Qualitative research methods involve collecting data in a structured format, while quantitative research methods involve collecting data in a unstructured format.

  4. Qualitative research methods involve collecting data in an unstructured format, while quantitative research methods involve collecting data in a structured format.

Show answer
Correct Option: B,D
Explanation:

Qualitative research methods involve collecting data in an unstructured format, while quantitative research methods involve collecting data in a structured format.

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