Government agencies

Businesses

Individuals

International organizations

Nominal GDP includes the effects of inflation, while real GDP does not.

Real GDP includes the effects of inflation, while nominal GDP does not.

Nominal GDP is calculated using current prices, while real GDP is calculated using constant prices.

Real GDP is calculated using current prices, while nominal GDP is calculated using constant prices.

A measure of the average price of a basket of goods and services purchased by consumers.

A measure of the average price of a basket of goods and services produced by businesses.

A measure of the average price of a basket of goods and services exported by a country.

A measure of the average price of a basket of goods and services imported by a country.

They are positively correlated.

They are negatively correlated.

They are not correlated.

The relationship depends on the specific economic conditions.

A graphical representation of the relationship between unemployment rate and inflation rate.

A graphical representation of the relationship between GDP growth rate and inflation rate.

A graphical representation of the relationship between interest rate and inflation rate.

A graphical representation of the relationship between exchange rate and inflation rate.

A stock represents ownership in a company, while a bond represents a loan to a company.

A stock represents a loan to a company, while a bond represents ownership in a company.

A stock is a short-term investment, while a bond is a long-term investment.

A bond is a short-term investment, while a stock is a long-term investment.

A primary market is where new securities are issued, while a secondary market is where existing securities are traded.

A secondary market is where new securities are issued, while a primary market is where existing securities are traded.

A primary market is where stocks are traded, while a secondary market is where bonds are traded.

A secondary market is where stocks are traded, while a primary market is where bonds are traded.

The hypothesis that all available information is reflected in the prices of securities.

The hypothesis that all available information is not reflected in the prices of securities.

The hypothesis that the prices of securities are determined by supply and demand.

The hypothesis that the prices of securities are determined by the intrinsic value of the underlying assets.

A model that explains the relationship between the risk and return of a security.

A model that explains the relationship between the risk and return of a portfolio.

A model that explains the relationship between the risk and return of a company.

A model that explains the relationship between the risk and return of an industry.

A bull market is a period of rising stock prices, while a bear market is a period of falling stock prices.

A bear market is a period of rising stock prices, while a bull market is a period of falling stock prices.

A bull market is a period of high economic growth, while a bear market is a period of low economic growth.

A bear market is a period of high economic growth, while a bull market is a period of low economic growth.

A recession is a period of negative economic growth, while a depression is a period of severe negative economic growth.

A depression is a period of negative economic growth, while a recession is a period of severe negative economic growth.

A recession is a period of high unemployment, while a depression is a period of low unemployment.

A depression is a period of high unemployment, while a recession is a period of low unemployment.

Monetary policy is conducted by the central bank, while fiscal policy is conducted by the government.

Fiscal policy is conducted by the central bank, while monetary policy is conducted by the government.

Monetary policy is used to control the money supply, while fiscal policy is used to control government spending and taxation.

Fiscal policy is used to control the money supply, while monetary policy is used to control government spending and taxation.

Developed countries have high per capita incomes and strong economies, while developing countries have low per capita incomes and weak economies.

Developing countries have high per capita incomes and strong economies, while developed countries have low per capita incomes and weak economies.

Developed countries have high levels of human development, while developing countries have low levels of human development.

Developing countries have high levels of human development, while developed countries have low levels of human development.

A free trade agreement is an agreement between two or more countries to reduce or eliminate tariffs and other trade barriers, while a protectionist trade policy is a policy that restricts trade.

A protectionist trade policy is an agreement between two or more countries to reduce or eliminate tariffs and other trade barriers, while a free trade agreement is a policy that restricts trade.

A free trade agreement is a policy that promotes free trade, while a protectionist trade policy is a policy that promotes protectionism.

A protectionist trade policy is a policy that promotes free trade, while a free trade agreement is a policy that promotes protectionism.