Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals over millions of years. They are considered non-renewable because they cannot be replenished at a rate comparable to their consumption.

Bioconversion is the process of converting organic matter, such as plant and animal materials, into a usable fuel source, such as biogas or bioethanol, through biological processes like fermentation or anaerobic digestion.

Agricultural expansion, particularly for large-scale farming and ranching, is a major driver of deforestation as forests are cleared to make way for agricultural land.

Sustainable development is a concept that aims to balance economic growth with environmental protection and social equity, ensuring that the needs of the present generation are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source that harnesses the heat from the Earth's core to generate electricity or heat homes and businesses.

Remediation is the process of removing pollutants from the air, water, or soil to restore them to a safe and usable condition.

Deforestation, the clearing of forests, is a major cause of soil erosion as it removes the vegetation that helps hold the soil in place.

A carbon footprint is a measure of the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by an individual, organization, or product.

Promoting energy efficiency, such as through the use of energy-efficient appliances and insulation, is a strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by reducing the amount of energy consumed.

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, including the diversity of species, ecosystems, and genetic variation within species.

Agricultural runoff, containing fertilizers, pesticides, and animal waste, is a major source of water pollution.

Sustainable agriculture refers to farming practices that aim to conserve natural resources, protect the environment, and ensure long-term sustainability.

Promoting water-efficient irrigation methods, such as drip irrigation and rainwater harvesting, is a strategy for conserving water.

Ecosystem services are the various benefits that ecosystems provide to humans, such as clean air, water, food, and pollination.

Industrial emissions, including pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, are a major source of air pollution.