Soldering is a process of joining two pieces of metal together by melting and flowing a filler metal (solder) into the joint, with the filler metal having a lower melting point than the workpieces.

Lead-free solder is commonly used in electronics due to environmental concerns and regulations restricting the use of lead. Lead-free solders typically contain alloys of tin, copper, and other metals.

Flux is a chemical agent that is applied to the metal surfaces before soldering. It helps to remove oxides and impurities from the surfaces, allowing the solder to flow more easily and create a stronger joint.

The ideal temperature for soldering electronic components is typically between 200°C and 300°C. Higher temperatures can damage the components, while lower temperatures may not provide a strong enough joint.

A soldering iron is a tool used to melt the solder and create a joint between two pieces of metal. It consists of a heated tip that is applied to the solder, causing it to melt and flow into the joint.

Hand soldering is the recommended technique for soldering small electronic components. It involves using a soldering iron to manually apply solder to the joint, providing precise control over the amount of solder used and the placement of the joint.

Burns are the primary safety concern when soldering. The soldering iron tip and the molten solder can reach high temperatures, posing a risk of burns if they come into contact with skin.

Tin-lead solder is commonly used for plumbing applications due to its low melting point, good flowability, and ability to form strong joints. However, lead-free solders are becoming more prevalent due to environmental concerns.

A solder mask is a protective layer applied to PCBs to prevent solder bridges between adjacent pads. It helps to ensure that solder only flows to the intended locations and does not create unwanted connections.

Wave soldering is the recommended technique for soldering large electronic components. It involves passing the PCB through a wave of molten solder, ensuring that all solder joints are made simultaneously and consistently.

A desoldering pump is a tool used to remove solder from a joint. It consists of a plunger that creates a vacuum when pressed, sucking up the molten solder from the joint.

A conical solder tip is the recommended shape for general-purpose soldering. It provides a good balance of heat transfer and precision, making it suitable for a wide range of soldering tasks.

Preheating a PCB before soldering helps to improve the flow of solder, ensuring that it wets the surfaces properly and creates strong joints. It also reduces the risk of thermal shock, which can damage the components.

A convex solder joint is the recommended shape as it provides good mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. It also helps to prevent solder bridges and ensures a reliable connection.

Solder wick is a braided copper wire used to remove excess solder from a joint. It is placed over the solder joint and heated with a soldering iron, causing the solder to be absorbed into the wick.