Ancient Egypt was renowned for its medical advancements, including the use of surgical instruments, the development of medical texts, and the practice of specialized medicine.

Hippocrates is widely regarded as the father of modern medicine and is known for his contributions to the field of surgery, including the development of the Hippocratic Oath and the establishment of ethical principles for medical practice.

Opium was commonly used as a surgical anesthetic in ancient times due to its sedative and pain-relieving properties.

The Hippocratic Corpus is a collection of ancient Greek medical texts attributed to Hippocrates and his followers. It is considered one of the most significant contributions to the field of medicine and is still studied today for its insights into ancient medical practices and ethical principles.

Splinting was the primary method of treating fractures in ancient times, as it helped to immobilize the injured area and promote healing.

Ancient India was known for its advanced surgical techniques, including the use of sutures and the development of specialized surgical instruments, such as the Sushruta Samhita, a medical text that described various surgical procedures.

Herbal remedies were commonly used to treat infections in ancient times due to their perceived medicinal properties.

Bloodletting was a common medical practice in ancient times, believed to balance the humors and treat various ailments by removing 'bad' blood from the body.

Observation of symptoms was the primary method of diagnosing illnesses in ancient times, as medical knowledge and diagnostic tools were limited.

Ancient Greece was known for its advanced knowledge of anatomy and physiology, with notable contributions from physicians like Hippocrates and Galen, who conducted dissections and made significant discoveries about the human body.

Spiritual rituals, such as exorcisms and prayers, were commonly used to treat mental illness in ancient times, as mental disorders were often attributed to supernatural causes.

The Canon of Medicine, written by the Persian physician Avicenna, is considered one of the most comprehensive works on medicine and surgery in ancient times. It was influential in shaping medical practices for centuries and was widely used as a medical textbook in both the East and the West.

Sanitation practices, such as proper waste disposal and personal hygiene, were important in preventing disease in ancient times, as the understanding of disease transmission was limited.

Cauterization, the application of heat to the skin, was used in ancient times to treat various ailments, including wounds, ulcers, and infections, by promoting healing and preventing infection.

Herbal remedies, such as applying certain plants or extracts to the wound, were commonly used to treat snakebites in ancient times due to the lack of antivenom and limited understanding of snake venom.