In medieval Christian thought, the creation of the universe was attributed to the direct action of God, who brought it into being through his creative will.

Augustine of Hippo, a prominent early Christian theologian, held that the universe was created ex nihilo, emphasizing God's absolute power and sovereignty.

The Great Chain of Being was a prevalent medieval idea that posited a hierarchical structure in the universe, with God at the apex and various levels of created beings arranged below, each occupying a specific place in the cosmic order.

Aristotle's concept of the prime mover, or uncaused cause, was influential in medieval philosophy, providing a rational framework for understanding the ultimate source of the universe's existence.

Medieval Christian theologians often emphasized that the primary purpose of creation was to glorify God, showcasing his infinite power, wisdom, and goodness.

Thomas Aquinas, a prominent medieval theologian and philosopher, held that the universe had a temporal beginning, rejecting the idea of an eternal universe.

Creatio continua was the idea that God's creative activity was ongoing, with God continuously sustaining and maintaining the universe's existence.

Plotinus, a prominent Neoplatonic philosopher, proposed the idea of emanation, where the universe originated from the overflowing abundance of the divine.

Theodicy was a philosophical inquiry into how to reconcile the existence of evil and suffering with the belief in a benevolent and omnipotent God.

John Scotus Eriugena, a prominent medieval philosopher, proposed the idea of contraction, where the universe originated from the divine through a process of self-limitation.

Creatio ex nihilo was the belief that the universe was created by God out of nothing, emphasizing his absolute creative power.

Plotinus, a prominent Neoplatonic philosopher, proposed the idea of emanation, where the universe originated from the overflowing abundance of the divine.

Theodicy was a philosophical inquiry into how to reconcile the existence of evil and suffering with the belief in a benevolent and omnipotent God.

John Scotus Eriugena, a prominent medieval philosopher, proposed the idea of contraction, where the universe originated from the divine through a process of self-limitation.

Creatio ex nihilo was the belief that the universe was created by God out of nothing, emphasizing his absolute creative power.