Patent maintenance involves taking the necessary steps to keep a patent in force and prevent its lapse or expiration. This includes paying maintenance fees and complying with other requirements set by the patent office.

In the United States, maintenance fees are generally due every three years after the date of grant of the patent. The first maintenance fee is due three years and six months after the date of grant, and subsequent maintenance fees are due every three years thereafter.

In most jurisdictions, there is a grace period during which the maintenance fee can still be paid after the due date. The length of the grace period varies depending on the jurisdiction, but it is typically around six months.

Patent renewal involves taking the necessary steps to extend the term of a patent beyond its initial term. This may be done through various mechanisms, such as filing a continuation application or paying a renewal fee.

In most countries, the term of a patent is 20 years from the date of filing the patent application. However, there may be variations in the duration of patents depending on the jurisdiction and the type of patent.

Patent renewal fees are primarily used to generate revenue for the patent office. This revenue is used to fund the operations of the patent office and support the examination and granting of patents.

In some jurisdictions, patents can be renewed multiple times, but there is typically a limit on the number of renewals that are allowed. The specific rules and procedures for patent renewal vary depending on the jurisdiction.

The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property is an international agreement that governs the filing of patent applications and provides certain rights and obligations to inventors and patent owners.

The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) is an international agreement that provides a unified procedure for filing patent applications in multiple countries.

A patent maintenance annuity is a fee that is paid periodically to keep a patent in force. The payment of maintenance annuities is required in many jurisdictions in order to maintain the validity of a patent.

Patent maintenance fees are paid periodically throughout the life of a patent, while patent renewal fees are paid once at the end of the patent term in order to extend the term of the patent.

In most jurisdictions, failure to pay a patent maintenance fee on time will result in the patent lapsing and becoming invalid. This means that the patent rights will be lost and the invention will become public domain.

In most jurisdictions, failure to pay a patent renewal fee on time will result in the patent expiring and the patent rights being lost. This means that the invention will become public domain and anyone will be free to use it without permission.

In the United States, renewing a patent involves filing a renewal application with the USPTO and paying a renewal fee. The renewal application must be filed within a specified period of time before the patent expires.

In Europe, renewing a patent involves filing a renewal application with the EPO and paying a renewal fee. The renewal application must be filed within a specified period of time before the patent expires.