Poetry, especially in the form of patriotic and nationalist verse, was a powerful tool for expressing anti-colonial sentiments and fostering a sense of unity among Indians.

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, known as the father of modern Hindi literature, played a significant role in shaping Indian national identity through his writings, particularly his novel 'Anandamath', which became an anthem of the Indian independence movement.

Munshi Premchand, also known as Premchand, is widely regarded as one of the greatest Hindi writers of all time. His works, such as 'Godan' and 'Sevasadan', shed light on the social and economic disparities in Indian society and advocated for social justice.

Rabindranath Tagore founded the 'Indian National Theatre' with the primary aim of promoting national unity and fostering a sense of patriotism among Indians through theatrical performances.

The Modernist Movement in Indian literature emerged in the early 20th century, influenced by Western modernist writers. It sought to break away from traditional forms and themes, experimenting with new styles and techniques.

B.R. Ambedkar, a prominent leader of the Dalit movement in India, is widely regarded as the pioneer of the 'Dalit Literature Movement'. His writings, including 'Annihilation of Caste', shed light on the experiences and struggles of the Dalit community and advocated for social equality.

Saadat Hasan Manto, a renowned Urdu writer, is known for his poignant and unflinching portrayal of the partition of India and its devastating impact on the lives of ordinary people.

The 'Progressive Writers' Movement' in India emerged in the 1930s with the aim of promoting social justice, equality, and the rights of the marginalized sections of society.

R.K. Narayan, a prominent Indian writer, is renowned for his satirical and humorous portrayal of social and political issues in his works, such as 'Malgudi Days' and 'The Guide'.

Vallathol Narayana Menon is widely regarded as the father of modern Malayalam literature. His contributions to Malayalam poetry and his leadership of the 'Ezhuthachan Smaraka Grandhasala' (Ezhuthachan Memorial Library) earned him this title.

Poetry, particularly patriotic and nationalist verse, played a significant role in shaping the national identity of Tamils during the colonial period.

Charu Mazumdar is widely regarded as the pioneer of the 'Naxalite Literature Movement' in India. His writings and political activism inspired a generation of Naxalite revolutionaries.

Mulk Raj Anand, a prominent Indian writer, is renowned for his powerful portrayal of the lives and struggles of the working class in his works, such as 'Untouchable' and 'Coolie'.

The 'Indian Progressive Writers' Association' (IPWA) was founded in 1936 with the primary objective of advocating for social justice, equality, and the rights of the marginalized sections of society.

Ismat Chugtai, a prominent Urdu writer, is renowned for her powerful portrayal of the lives and experiences of women in Indian society, challenging traditional norms and conventions.