The problem of translation in Indian philosophy is a complex issue that encompasses all of the above concerns. It is important to note that there is no single, definitive answer to this question, as the problem of translation is a matter of ongoing debate among scholars.

Adaptation is not a common strategy for translating Indian philosophical texts into Western languages, as it involves changing the meaning of the original text in order to make it more accessible to Western readers. This can be problematic, as it can lead to a misrepresentation of the original text's meaning.

The main challenge of translating Indian philosophical concepts into Western languages is that these concepts are embedded in different cultural contexts, linguistic structures, and philosophical assumptions. This makes it difficult to find equivalent terms in Western languages that can accurately convey the meaning of these concepts.

All of the above are examples of successful translations of Indian philosophical texts into Western languages. These translations have been praised for their accuracy, clarity, and accessibility, and have helped to make Indian philosophy more accessible to Western readers.

The problem of translation in Indian philosophy is significant because it highlights the importance of understanding the cultural and linguistic context of philosophical texts, demonstrates the limitations of language in expressing philosophical ideas, and raises questions about the nature of truth and reality.