In the United States presidential elections, the First-Past-the-Post (FPTP) voting method is employed, where the candidate who receives the most votes in a given state wins all of that state's electoral votes.

The fundamental objective of a voting system is to accurately translate the preferences of the electorate into a set of elected representatives or policy outcomes.

Approval Voting is a voting method in which voters can vote for as many candidates as they approve of, reducing the incentive for strategic voting and promoting more representative outcomes.

The Condorcet Paradox arises when a majority of voters prefer Candidate A over Candidate B, and a majority also prefers Candidate B over Candidate C, yet Candidate C wins the election.

Proportional representation voting systems aim to allocate seats in the legislature in a way that reflects the proportion of votes each party receives, ensuring a fairer representation of different political viewpoints.

Plurality Voting, also known as First-Past-the-Post, is a simple voting method where the candidate with the most votes wins, regardless of whether they receive a majority of the votes.

A runoff election is held when no candidate receives a majority of votes in the first round of voting. The top two candidates from the first round then compete in a second round to determine the winner.

The Single Transferable Vote (STV) is a voting method used to elect multiple winners from a single district. Voters rank candidates in order of preference, and votes are transferred from lower-ranked to higher-ranked candidates until a certain number of winners are elected.

A major criticism of the First-Past-the-Post voting system is that it can result in a winner who does not have the support of a majority of voters, as a candidate can win with a plurality of votes, even if they do not receive more than 50% of the votes.

Ranked-choice voting allows voters to rank candidates in order of preference, while preferential voting only allows voters to indicate their first-choice candidate. In ranked-choice voting, if no candidate receives a majority of first-choice votes, the candidate with the fewest first-choice votes is eliminated, and their votes are transferred to the next-ranked candidate on each voter's ballot.

The principle of One Person, One Vote ensures that all voters have an equal say in the outcome of an election, regardless of their wealth, status, or any other factor. This principle is fundamental to democratic elections and is often enshrined in constitutions and electoral laws.

Electronic voting systems offer convenience to voters by allowing them to cast their votes from anywhere with an internet connection, eliminating the need to travel to a polling station. This can be particularly beneficial for voters with disabilities, voters who live in remote areas, or voters who have busy schedules.

Ranked-choice voting, also known as preferential voting, is a voting method designed to elect a single winner from a group of candidates. Voters rank candidates in order of preference, and if no candidate receives a majority of first-choice votes, the candidate with the fewest first-choice votes is eliminated, and their votes are transferred to the next-ranked candidate on each voter's ballot.

A potential disadvantage of proportional representation voting systems is that they can lead to weak and unstable governments, as multiple parties may share power, making it difficult to form stable coalitions and implement coherent policies.

Cumulative voting is a voting method designed to elect multiple winners from a single district, with each voter having multiple votes. Voters can distribute their votes among candidates as they see fit, allowing them to express their preferences for multiple candidates.