Ranked-choice voting allows voters to rank candidates in order of preference, ensuring that the most preferred candidate wins, even if they do not receive a majority of first-choice votes.

In a first-past-the-post system, the candidate with the most votes wins, regardless of whether they receive a majority of votes. This can lead to a situation where a candidate wins with a small plurality of votes, even if a majority of voters prefer other candidates.

Proportional representation systems allocate seats in the legislature based on the proportion of votes each party receives. This ensures that smaller parties have a voice in the legislative process, even if they do not win a majority of seats.

The STV system ensures that political parties receive a number of seats in the legislature that is proportional to their share of the popular vote, making it a fair and representative voting system.

The United States uses the electoral college system for presidential elections. In this system, each state is allocated a certain number of electoral votes based on its population. The candidate who wins the most electoral votes becomes the president, even if they do not win the popular vote.

In a first-past-the-post system, a party can win a majority of seats in the legislature even if it does not receive a majority of the popular vote. This can lead to minority governments, where a party must form a coalition with other parties to govern.

Ranked-choice voting discourages strategic voting by allowing voters to rank candidates in order of preference. This ensures that the most preferred candidate wins, even if they do not receive a majority of first-choice votes.

Proportional representation systems can be complex and difficult for voters to understand. This can lead to lower voter turnout and a lack of public trust in the electoral process.

Switzerland uses a proportional representation system for federal elections. This system ensures that political parties receive a number of seats in the legislature that is proportional to their share of the popular vote.

The electoral college system gives small states a greater say in the presidential election. This is because each state is allocated a certain number of electoral votes based on its population, regardless of its size.

The United Kingdom uses the first-past-the-post system for general elections. In this system, the candidate who receives the most votes in each constituency wins the seat in Parliament.

The STV system can be complex and difficult for voters to understand. This can lead to lower voter turnout and a lack of public trust in the electoral process.

New Zealand uses a mixed-member proportional system for general elections. This system combines elements of both first-past-the-post and proportional representation.

The mixed-member proportional system ensures that small parties have a voice in the legislature, even if they do not win a majority of seats. This is because a certain number of seats are allocated to parties based on their share of the popular vote.

Australia uses a preferential voting system for federal elections. In this system, voters rank candidates in order of preference. The candidate with the most first-preference votes wins, unless another candidate reaches a majority of votes through the transfer of preferences.