In the United States, the presidential candidate of the Democratic Party is selected through a series of primaries and caucuses held in each state, where voters cast their ballots for their preferred candidate.

In the United Kingdom, the leader of the Conservative Party is elected by a vote of the party's members.

In Canada, the leader of the Liberal Party is chosen through a leadership convention, where party members vote for their preferred candidate.

In Australia, the leader of the Labor Party is elected by a caucus of the party's members of parliament.

In India, the president of the Indian National Congress is elected by a vote of the party's delegates.

In France, the leader of the Socialist Party is chosen through a primary election, where party members vote for their preferred candidate.

In Germany, the leader of the Christian Democratic Union is elected by a vote of the party's members.

In Japan, the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party is chosen by a vote of the party's members.

In Italy, the leader of the Democratic Party is chosen through a primary election, where party members vote for their preferred candidate.

In Spain, the leader of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party is chosen through a primary election, where party members vote for their preferred candidate.

In Brazil, the leader of the Workers' Party is elected by a vote of the party's members.

In Argentina, the leader of the Justicialist Party is chosen through a primary election, where party members vote for their preferred candidate.

In Mexico, the leader of the National Action Party is elected by a vote of the party's members.

In Chile, the leader of the Christian Democratic Party is chosen through a primary election, where party members vote for their preferred candidate.

In Colombia, the leader of the Liberal Party is elected by a vote of the party's members.