Urbanization is the process by which people move from rural areas to urban areas.

Urbanization often leads to increased environmental pollution due to increased energy consumption, transportation, and waste production.

Deurbanization is the process by which people move from urban areas to rural areas.

Deurbanization often leads to improved social equality as people move away from crowded and segregated urban areas.

Suburbanization is the process by which people move from urban areas to suburban areas.

Suburbanization often leads to increased air pollution due to increased car usage and traffic congestion.

Counterurbanization is the process by which people move from suburban areas to urban areas.

Counterurbanization often leads to decreased social inequality as people move away from segregated suburban areas.

Immigration is the process by which people move from one country to another.

Immigration often leads to increased population growth as people move to new countries.

Remigration is the process by which people move from one country to another with the intention of returning to their home country.

Remigration often leads to decreased social inequality as people return to their home countries with new skills and knowledge.

Internal migration is the process by which people move within a country.

Internal migration often leads to decreased social inequality as people move to areas with better economic opportunities.

Migration is influenced by a complex interplay of economic, social, political, and environmental factors.