Aristotle, in his work "Posterior Analytics", discussed the importance of observation, induction, and deduction in scientific reasoning.

Induction is the process of making a general statement based on specific observations.

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation that can be tested through experimentation.

Galileo Galilei is often associated with the development of the experimental method, as he used controlled experiments to test his hypotheses.

A law is a statement that describes a relationship between variables that has been repeatedly confirmed through experimentation.

Isaac Newton is often credited with formulating the laws of motion and universal gravitation.

A theory is a broad explanation that encompasses a wide range of phenomena and makes predictions about how the natural world behaves.

Charles Darwin is often associated with the development of the theory of evolution by natural selection.

Experimentation is the process of gathering and analyzing data to test a hypothesis.

Louis Pasteur is often associated with the development of the germ theory of disease.

Deduction is the process of drawing a conclusion based on evidence.

Albert Einstein is often associated with the development of the theory of relativity.

A principle is a statement that describes a fundamental relationship between variables that can be used to explain a wide range of phenomena.

Max Planck is often associated with the development of the quantum theory.

Deduction is the process of making a prediction based on a hypothesis.