Aryabhata is widely regarded as the father of Indian astronomy. He lived in the 5th century CE and made significant contributions to the fields of mathematics, astronomy, and physics.

Aryabhata proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system, which places the Sun at the center and the planets revolving around it. This model was later adopted by Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century.

Aryabhata discovered the concept of zero and its use in the decimal system. This discovery revolutionized mathematics and made it possible to perform complex calculations more easily.

Bhaskara II developed the trigonometric functions of sine, cosine, and tangent. These functions are essential for solving problems in trigonometry and are widely used in various fields.

Varahamihira wrote the astronomical treatise 'Surya Siddhanta', which provided accurate calculations of the motions of the Sun, Moon, and planets. This treatise was influential in Indian astronomy for centuries.

Brahmagupta calculated the value of pi (π) to four decimal places. This was a significant achievement in mathematics and astronomy.

Brahmagupta developed the concept of the precession of the equinoxes, which describes the gradual shift in the position of the equinoxes. This phenomenon is caused by the Earth's axial tilt.

Varahamihira wrote the astronomical treatise 'Pancasiddhantika', which summarized the knowledge of astronomy from five different schools of thought. This treatise was a valuable resource for astronomers and mathematicians.

Varahamihira developed the concept of the zodiac and divided the ecliptic into 12 signs. The zodiac is a belt of constellations that the Sun, Moon, and planets appear to move through.

Bhaskara II wrote the astronomical treatise 'Lilavati', which focused on mathematics and astronomy. This treatise covered topics such as arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and trigonometry.

Aryabhata developed the concept of the Earth's rotation on its axis and its revolution around the Sun. This concept was later adopted by Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century.

Brahmagupta wrote the astronomical treatise 'Brahmasphuta Siddhanta', which contained important contributions to astronomy and mathematics. This treatise covered topics such as arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and trigonometry.

Aryabhata developed the concept of the Earth's oblateness, which describes the slight flattening of the Earth at the poles. This concept was later confirmed by scientific observations.

Bhaskara II wrote the astronomical treatise 'Siddhanta Shiromani', which covered topics such as astronomy, mathematics, and astrology. This treatise was a significant contribution to the field of astronomy.

Aryabhata developed the concept of the Earth's gravity and its role in keeping objects on the Earth's surface. This concept was later expanded upon by Isaac Newton in the 17th century.