Vehicle exhaust is a major source of air pollution in urban areas, contributing to high levels of pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter.

Photochemical smog is a type of air pollution that occurs when sunlight reacts with pollutants in the atmosphere, primarily ozone.

Particulate matter, especially fine particles (PM2.5), can penetrate deep into the lungs and cause respiratory problems.

Electrostatic precipitators use an electrical charge to remove particulate matter from flue gases before they are released into the atmosphere.

Catalytic converters use a catalyst to convert harmful pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides, into less harmful substances like nitrogen and oxygen.

Solar energy is a renewable energy source that does not produce air pollution during electricity generation.

Desulfurization is the process of removing sulfur dioxide from flue gases, typically using a scrubber system or a fluidized bed combustor.

Fabric filters, also known as baghouses, use a fabric filter to trap particulate matter from flue gases.

Wet scrubbers use a liquid to remove pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide, from flue gases.

Acid rain is primarily caused by the presence of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere, which react with water vapor to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid.

Catalytic converters use a chemical reaction to convert harmful pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides, into less harmful substances like nitrogen and oxygen.

Denitrification is the process of removing nitrogen oxides from flue gases, typically using a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system or a non-selective catalytic reduction (NSCR) system.

Cyclones use centrifugal force to separate particulate matter from flue gases.

Baghouses, also known as fabric filters, use a fabric filter to trap particulate matter from flue gases.

Venturi scrubbers use a venturi throat to increase the velocity of flue gases and create a pressure drop, which helps to remove particulate matter.