Personal responsibility is not typically considered a cause of poverty, as it implies that poverty is solely the result of individual choices or behaviors, rather than systemic factors.

Poverty can have a range of negative consequences, including increased risk of health problems, lower educational attainment, social isolation, and limited opportunities for social and economic advancement.

Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups between different socioeconomic positions, either upward (social ascent) or downward (social descent).

Family background, including factors such as socioeconomic status, parental education, and social networks, is generally considered to have the strongest influence on social mobility.

Social exclusion refers to the process by which individuals or groups are prevented from moving up the social ladder due to structural barriers and discrimination, such as racism, sexism, or classism.

Minimum wage laws, universal basic income, and progressive taxation are all examples of social policies that are aimed at reducing poverty by providing financial assistance, increasing income equality, and ensuring that workers are paid a living wage.

The culture of poverty is a controversial theory that suggests that poverty is a result of individual choices and behaviors, rather than systemic factors such as discrimination, lack of opportunity, or inadequate social policies.

Discrimination, lack of affordable housing, and inadequate access to healthcare are all examples of structural barriers that can contribute to poverty by limiting opportunities for education, employment, and social advancement.

The undeserving poor is a term used to describe the idea that poverty is a result of a lack of motivation or effort on the part of individuals, rather than systemic factors.

Early childhood education programs, job training programs, and affordable housing programs are all examples of social policies that are aimed at promoting social mobility by providing individuals with the skills, resources, and opportunities they need to improve their socioeconomic status.

The poverty trap is a term used to describe the idea that poverty is a result of a lack of opportunity or resources, rather than individual choices or behaviors. It suggests that poverty can become self-perpetuating, as individuals and families are unable to break free from the cycle of poverty due to systemic barriers.

Social immobility can have a range of negative consequences, including increased social inequality, reduced social cohesion, limited opportunities for social and economic advancement, and social unrest.

The structural approach to poverty suggests that poverty is a result of systemic factors, such as discrimination, lack of opportunity, or inadequate social policies, rather than individual choices or behaviors.

Minimum wage laws, universal basic income, and progressive taxation are all examples of social policies that are aimed at addressing the root causes of poverty by providing financial assistance, increasing income equality, and ensuring that workers are paid a living wage.

The human capital approach to poverty suggests that poverty is a result of a lack of education or skills, rather than systemic factors.