Nagarjuna, a prominent Madhyamaka Buddhist philosopher, argued that the self is empty of any inherent existence and is constantly changing, thus rejecting the notion of a fixed and permanent self.

Postmodernism challenges the traditional notion of the self as a unified and coherent entity, arguing that the self is shaped by social, cultural, and linguistic factors, and is constantly in flux.

Advaita Vedanta, propounded by Adi Shankara, asserts that the individual self (jiva) is ultimately identical with the universal self (Brahman), and that the distinction between the two is an illusion.

Anatta, a key concept in Buddhism, refers to the doctrine of non-self, which asserts that there is no permanent, unchanging self or soul.

Postmodern philosophers such as Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Jean-François Lyotard have challenged the traditional notion of the self as a unified and coherent entity, arguing that it is fragmented, dispersed, and constantly shifting.

Maya, a central concept in Advaita Vedanta, refers to the illusory nature of the world and the self, which are seen as projections of the mind.

Bhartrihari, a prominent grammarian and philosopher, argued that the self is constructed through language and social interactions, and that it is not an inherent or essential entity.

Avidya, a key concept in Advaita Vedanta, refers to the ignorance or lack of awareness of the true nature of reality, which is seen as the root cause of suffering.

Michel Foucault, a prominent postmodern philosopher, argued that the self is not a fixed and stable entity, but rather a site of power relations and discursive practices that shape and regulate individual identities.

Moksha, a central concept in Indian philosophy, refers to the ultimate goal of spiritual realization, which involves liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.

Jean-François Lyotard, a prominent postmodern philosopher, argued that the self is not a fixed and stable entity, but rather a fluid and dynamic entity that is constantly being constructed and reconstructed through social interactions and cultural practices.

Advaita, a key concept in Advaita Vedanta, refers to the state of non-dual consciousness, in which the individual self (jiva) realizes its identity with the universal self (Brahman).

Postmodern philosophers such as Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Jean-François Lyotard have argued that the self is not a fixed and stable entity, but rather a product of cultural narratives and social practices that shape and regulate individual identities.

Brahman, a central concept in Indian philosophy, refers to the universal self or ultimate reality, which is seen as the source of all existence.

Postmodern philosophers such as Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Jean-François Lyotard have argued that the self is not a passive recipient of dominant discourses, but rather a site of resistance and subversion, where individuals can challenge and transform the norms and values that shape their identities.